the Week of Proper 28 / Ordinary 33
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Bible Encyclopedias
Sports and Games
1911 Encyclopedia Britannica
or "SPORTS AND GAMES. - The tendency towards "internationalism" in competitive sports and games had been rapidly growing in intensity, partly as a result of the establishment of the Olympic Games, from 1896 onwards; but it was rudely interrupted by the World War, and conditions were still unfavourable up to 1921 for more than a limited renewal. The decade from 1911 to 1921 offers no proper material, therefore, for a consistent history in this field, by way of supplement to the separate articles in the earlier volumes of this Encyclopaedia; nor, indeed, in the case of most sports and games, as carried on in 1910-21, had there been more than minor changes, either in equipment, methods or rules. So far as British and American interests, however, are concerned, the chief statistics, as regards the main events in the more important sports and games, are recorded in the following sections.
Athletics, Track and Field.-The Olympic Games were held at Stockholm in July 1912, the highest number of points being scored by the United States, and again at Antwerp in 1920, the 7th Olympiad being projected for Paris in 1924.
While the United States won the track and field events of the 1920 Olympic games in Antwerp by a considerable margin in the point score, and set new records in the pole vault, the high jump, and the 400-metre hurdles, the Americans totalled only 9 first places, the same as the team of 24 men from Finland. The " stars " of the American team were C. W. Paddock in the too metres, Allan Woodring in the 200 metres, Frank Loomis in the 400-metre hurdles, Richard Landon in the high jump, Frank Foss in the pole vault, Pat Ryan in the hammer, Pat McDonald in the 56-lb. weight, and H. H. Brown, the individual winner in the 3000-metre team race, the only American to win a distance event. In swimming the Americans were supreme, with Duke Kahanamoku and Kealoha, both of Hawaii, Norman Ross, Ethelda Bleibtrey, Aileen Riggin and Charlotte Boyle. The winners at the American eastern college meetings were: 1911, Cornell; 1912, Pennsylvania; 1913, Pennsylvania; 1914, Cornell; 1915, Cornell; 1916, Cornell; 1918, Cornell; 1919, Cornell; 1920, Pennsylvania; 1921, California. Princeton won against Oxford (July 8 1920) at Queen's Club, London, by 6 events to 4. At the Pennsylvania Relay Games (April 30-May I 1920) the Oxford-Cambridge 2-m. team, Tatham, Stallard, Milligan and Rudd, set a new world's record of 7 min. 50 y sec.
Cricket.-Before the war English cricket was in a flourishing condition. The visit of a South African team to Australia in 1910-I, in which the South Africans did hardly as well as had been expected, served as a prelude to the so-called Triangular Tournament of 1912; and in the meantime an English team under the management of the Marylebone Cricket Club carried through a successful tour in 1911-2. Of 18 eleven-a-side matches the M.C.C. team lost only the first test match; four were drawn, and 18, including four test matches, were won by the Englishmen. At the end of 1910 a team sent to South Africa by the M.C.C. won two and lost three test matches. In 1912 the interest in county cricket was largely eclipsed by the Triangular Tournament between England, Australia and South Africa, in which nine test matches were played. England proved victorious, winning four matches (three against South Africa and one against Australia) and drawing twice with Australia, owing to bad weather. The Australians beat the South Africans twice. Of the 102 matches played up to 1920 between England and Australia, England won 46 and Australia 35. Of those played in England the home team won 17 and Australia 8, and 17 were drawn. In those played in Australia England won 30 and Australia 27, three being drawn. In 1921, however, in their visit to England, the Australians won an easy victory.
A new method of deciding the English county championship was inaugurated in 1911. With the idea of discouraging the players from aiming at drawn matches, five points were given for a win, and three points (with one point to the losing side) for a first-innings victory. The championship was won by Warwickshire in 1911, by Yorkshire in 1912 and by Kent in 1913. In 1914 the championship was not decided owing to the outbreak of war, but the M.C.C. Committee adjudged Surrey the winners. It was resumed in 1919, when a new system was adopted, by which only wins counted, the winners being the county with the highest proportion of wins to matches played. Yorkshire was at the head of the list in 1919, and Middlesex in 1920 and 1921.
The Oxford and Cambridge match was not played between 1915 and 1918. In 1911, 1914 and 1919 Oxford won, and in 1912, 1913 and 1921 Cambridge were the winners, the match in 1920 being drawn. From 1911 to 1921, with the exception of the years 1915 to 1918, when the match was not played, Eton won against Harrow.
English Football.-(t ) Rugby.-In 1911 a French team for the first time was victorious in an international match, beating Scotland in Paris. In the same season Wales beat England, Ireland, Scotland and France; Ireland beat England, Scotland and France; England at Twickenham beat Scotland and France. In 1912 all the international matches that took place in the United Kingdom were won by the fifteen playing in its own country. England defeated Wales and Ireland, but narrowly lost to Scotland. Ireland beat Scotland and Wales, and Wales beat Scotland. In no match was France victorious. A strong South African team began a tour in Great Britain in the autumn of 1912. After gaining several decisive victories over counties, the South Africans lost to Newport, were with great difficulty victorious over Llanelly, the United Services and London, beat Oxford and Cambridge Universities, were narrowly beaten at Twickenham by another London fifteen, and easily beat Scotland at Edinburgh. They next gained their most decisive victory at Dublin, securing 36 points against Ireland, and beat Wales by a try at Cardiff, but lost to Swansea by the same margin. In the international matches in 1913 England defeated Scotland, Wales, Ireland and France; Wales beat Scotland, Ireland and France; Scotland beat Ireland and France; and Ireland beat France. In 1914 England beat Scotland, Wales, Ireland and France; Wales beat Scotland, Ireland and France; and Ireland beat Scotland and France. From 1915 to 1919 the matches were not played. In 1920 England beat Scotland, Ireland and France; Wales beat England, Ireland and France; Scotland beat Wales, Ireland and France; and France beat Ireland. The University match went in favour of Oxford in 1910, 1911, and 1913. Cambridge won in 1912, 1914, 1915 and 1920. (2) Association.-In 1910 a tour was undertaken in Brazil by the Corinthian Football Club, and another in North America in 1911-2. From 1907 to 1914 amateur international football was affected by a dissension among English clubs. In consequence of the Football Association insisting upon the admission of professional clubs (so-called) to the district associations, a large number of amateur clubs, including the University, College and Public Schools Club, seceded to form the Amateur Football Association. The officers of the army, while sympathizing with the seceders, considered it advisable for the sake of regimental football to retain their connexion with the Football Association. But in 1911-2 they used their influence to promote a reconciliation. A conference was held at which the delegates of the two associations only failed to arrive at an agreement because the older body would not accept an arrangement by which the younger could receive the adherence of newly formed amateur clubs. In 1914, however, the Football Association and the Amateur Football Association sank their differences. The Amateur elevens of the Football Association won matches with Wales, Belgium, France and Holland in 1910-1, but lost to Ireland. In 1911-2, besides victories at the Olympic Games, they defeated Ireland, Wales, Denmark, Holland and Belgium. The Amateur Football Association teams beat Wales and France in both seasons. The full representative eleven of the Football Association defeated Ireland and Wales in 1911 and drew with Scotland. Ireland lost to Wales and Scotland, and Scotland drew with Wales. In 1912 England and Scotland again played an indecisive match, but both beat Wales and Ireland; Wales lost three matches. In 1913 England beat Scotland and Wales; Wales beat Ireland and drew with Scotland; Scotland beat Ireland; and Ireland beat England. In 1914 England beat Wales; Scotland beat England; Ireland beat England and Wales and drew with Scotland; and Wales drew with Scotland. In 1920 England beat Scotland and Ireland; Wales beat England and drew with Ireland and Scotland; and Scotland beat Ireland. The Football Association Cup was won in 1911 by Bradford City, in 1912 by Barnsley, in 1913 by Aston Villa, in 1914 by Burnley, in 1915 by Sheffield United, and in 1920 by Aston Villa. The championship of the Football League was carried off by Manchester United in 1911, by Blackburn Rovers in 1912, by Sunderland in 1913, by Blackburn Rovers in 1914, by Everton in 1915, and by West Bromwich Albion in 1920. The principal trophy of the Amateur Football Association was won in 1911 by the Old Malvernians, in 1912 by Oxford City, in 1913 by the New Crusaders, in 1914 by Ealing, and in 1920 by Dulwich Hamlet. The Arthur Dunn cup for public school clubs fell to the Old Reptonians in 1911, to the Old Malvernians in 1912, to the Old Brightonians in 1913, to the Old Reptonians in 1914, to the Old Wykehamists in 1920, and to the Old Carthusians in 1921. Oxford won the University match in 1911 and Cambridge won in 1912, 1913, 1915; in 1914 and 1920 the match was drawn.
American Football.-Of all amateur sports in America, college football (the American Rugby game) drew the largest crowds and aroused the greatest enthusiasm. Occasional professional teams drew big gate receipts, especially in Ohio and Michigan, where the professional game was popular, but in general it was not encouraged. After 1908 a number of colleges abandoned football because of the deaths and injuries that resulted from the old-style mass playing. In the following years, especially in 1910 and 1912, radical revisions of the old rules were made; the new rules were designed to foster a more open style of play and to make the game more interesting to spectators. The periods of play, formerly two halves of 35 min. each, were altered to four periods of 15 min. each, with an intermission of one minute between the first and second, and third and fourth periods, and 15 min. between the second and third periods. The playing field, from goal line to goal line, was shortened from Ito to too yd. and each side was given four trials in which to make the required to yd. The removal of the restrictions on the forward pass was one of the most conspicuous changes; this with other new rules, had the effect of encouraging an open, running game, in which the advantage lay rather in quick thinking and skillful playing than in mere weight or strength. The full possibilities of the new rules were not realized for some time, but, as familiarity with them increased, the play became more spectacular, and there was no question that the game had been improved from the standpoint of both spectator and player. Ordinarily the schedule of football games was not designed to determine the champion team among eastern colleges; therefore in reviewing the football games of the decade 1910-20 the choice of the strongest teams is to some extent a matter of opinion. From 1910 to 1915, inclusive, Harvard University had a succession of strong teams, which in nearly every year gained what appeared to be a clear title to the championship. The succession was interrupted in 1911, however, when Princeton defeated both Harvard and Yale. In the next year the honours went to the smaller colleges-especially the university of Pittsburgh and Colgate University-and this was interpreted as due in part to the fact that the new rules had removed certain handicaps from the less powerful teams. Football probably had never been so popular as in 1916; it was estimated that in that year 35,000 games were played throughout the United States, with an attendance of 6,500,000. Owing to the entrance of the United States into the war, the major teams practically cancelled their schedules during the two following years, but in the army and navy every unit had its team.
A full schedule was played by the A.E.F., the winners being the 89th Div. team, captained and coached by Captain Gerhardt of West Point. The resumption of college games in the east in 1919 showed that college football had lost none of its popularity. One of the strongest teams of 1919 was that of Pennsylvania State College, though Harvard went through the season without experiencing defeat. Despite a tie with Harvard, Princeton was generally conceded to hade had the best team turned out in the east in 1920, the first really normal year of play after the war. The tendency among colleges was more and more towards open play, with much kicking and forward passing. The east, however, continued to play a far more conservative game than was popular in the west and south. Among the colleges of the middle west the strongest teams were Michigan (1910), Minnesota and Michigan (1911), Wisconsin (1912), Chicago (1913), Illinois (1914), Illinois and Minnesota (1915), Ohio State (1916-'7), Illinois (1918-9), Ohio State (1920). Ohio State, champions of the middle-west group in 1920, played an intersectional match at Pasadena at the Festival of Roses in that year with the university of California, and was badly defeated. The large attendance at football matches led to the construction of immense stadiums of concrete and steel to accommodate the crowds. Two of these stadiums, those at Harvard and at Syracuse University, had been constructed before 1910; after that year there were built a number of others, among which the most noteworthy were, perhaps, those at the university of Chicago, Yale (the " Yale Bowl "), the university of Michigan, Princeton (the Palmer Memorial stadium), the university of Pennsylvania and the college of the City of New York. The greatest of these structures, the Yale Bowl, has exterior dimensions of 940 by 744 ft. and a permanent seating capacity of 61,000. This huge amphitheatre cost more than $50o,000 and is considerably larger than the Roman Colosseum, which had a seating capacity of about 45,000. The Palmer stadium at Princeton provides seats for 41,000 and cost $350,000.
The Association game made remarkable gains in popularity not only among American colleges and the country clubs, but among the big industries as well. Each year the United States Football Assn. conducted a national cup competition, the final round of which was won in 1920 by the Ben Miller Athletic Club of St. Louis from the Fall River Club of Quincy, Mass. Previous winners include the Bethlehem Steel Co., the Fall River Rovers, and the Brooklyn Field Club.
Baseball, the universal American sport, occupied the attention of the public in the United States chiefly as a professional game in which the leading cities were represented by baseball teams comprising two major leagues-the American and the National. At the end of each year the winning teams of the two leagues played what was known as the world series for the championship. During 1910-20 these contests were by far the most popular of all annual sporting events. This is indicated by the attendance and gate receipts, which in 1920 were 174,414 and $564,800, respectively, and in 1919, 236,928 and $722,414, as against an attendance of 125,222 and receipts of $173,980 in 1910. In the following list of worldseries contests since 1910, the name of the winning team is given first, that of the losing team second, and the score in games third: 1910, Philadelphia (American League) vs. Chicago (National League), 4-1; 1911, Philadelphia (A.L.) vs. New York (N.L.), 4-2; 1912, Boston (A.L.) vs. New York (N.L.), 4-3, one game tied; 1913, Philadelphia (A.L.) vs. New York (N.L.), 4-1; 1914, Boston (N.L.) vs. Philadelphia (A.L.), 4-0; 1915, Boston (A.L.) vs. Philadelphia (N.L.), 4-1; 1916, Boston (A.L.) vs. Brooklyn (N.L.), 4-1; 1917, Chicago (A.L.) vs. New York (N.L.), 4-2; 1918, Boston (A.L.) vs. Chicago (N.L.), 4-2; 1919 Cincinnati (N.L.) vs. Chicago (A.L.), 5-3; 1920, Cleveland (A.L.) vs. Brooklyn (N.L.), 5-2. In 1914 an attempt was made to organize a third major league, known as the Federal, but this was unsuccessful, and at the end of the following season it was amalgamated with the two older leagues. After 1919 baseball was for a time under a cloud, owing to charges that certain members of the Chicago American League team had been bribed by outside persons to lose the 1919 world series. The accused players were expelled from organized baseball, and there was a general overhauling, with the result that final authority over the game was given to Kenesaw Mountain Landis, a Federal judge known for his proficiency in the law and his knowledge of baseball. During the World War American soldiers carried the game to England and France, where it was a favorite diversion in the camps of Canadian and U.S. soldiers. The professional game enjoyed an extraordinary revival after the war, the crowds breaking all records, especially since Sunday playing was more generally permitted by law than before. Colleges generally resumed the game, though interest in college baseball was slight in comparison with interest in college football.
Lawn Tennis.-American players, during 1910 -21, were in the forefront, but an increasingly high standard of play was being shown among other nationalities besides the British and American, notably the French and Japanese. The International Davis Cup was won by Australia in 1911 and 1914, by the British Isles in 1912, and by the United States in 1913 and 1920. In 1911 the United States team (Larned, McLoughlin, Little and Bundy), were beaten by Australia (Brookes, Dunlop and Heath) after beating Great Britain (Dixon, Lowe and Beamish). In 1912 Great Britain (Dixon, Parke and Beamish) defeated Australia (Brookes, Heath and Dunlop). In 1913 the United States (Hackett, McLoughlin, Little and Williams) beat Great Britain (Parker, Dixon, and Roper-Barrett). In 1914 Australia (Brookes, Wilding, Dunlop and Doust) beat the United States (McLoughlin, Williams, Behr and Bundy); McLoughlin defeated Brookes in a memorable match (14-16, 6-3, 6-3), and Wilding by 6-2, 6-3, 2-6 and 6-2, but McLoughlin and Bundy lost the doubles to Brookes and Wilding. In 1920 the United States (Hardy, Johnston, Tilden, Williams and Garland) defeated Great Britain, France and Australia.
In the English singles (world's) championships A. F. Wilding won in 1911, 1912 and 1913; N. E. Brookes in 1914; G. L. Patterson in 1919; and W. T. Tilden in 1920 and 1921. Mrs. Lambert Chambers won the English ladies' singles in 1911, 1913 and 1914; Mrs. Larcombe in 1912; and Mlle. S. Lenglen in 1919, 1920 and 1921. In the English covered court championship A. H. Gobert won the singles in 1911, 1912, 1920 and 1921; Gobert and M. J. G. Ritchie won the doubles in 1911, Wilding and S. N. Doust won the doubles in 1912 and 1913. P. M. Dayson won the English singles in 1913 and 1919. In 1914 Ritchie won the English singles and in 1914 and 1921 T. M. Mavrogordato and Dayson won the doubles. In 1919 the English doubles were won by R. Lycett and R. W. Heath, and in 1920 by Gobert and Lycett.
In the United States, William A. Larned won the championship for the seventh time in 1911, his experience proving too much for the challenger, Maurice F. McLoughlin; the doubles went to Raymond D. Little and Gustave Touchard, while Miss Hazel Hotchkiss won the women's title for the third time. In 1912 McLoughlin won the American championship, Lamed not being in the tournament; McLoughlin and Thomas Bundy won the doubles from Little and Touchard, and Mary Browne won the women's championship. The outbreak of war in 1914 robbed the Newport tournament of interest. The German team was interned in England on the way home. Meantime Williams won the national title, and McLoughlin and Bundy the doubles. In 1915 much attention was paid to building up the junior tournaments. There was no international competition. William NI. Johnston, of California won the championship. With Clarence J. Griffin, another Californian, he also won the doubles. Miss Molla Bjurstedt (later Mrs. Mallory), won the women's championship. In 1916 the United States was the world's lawntennis centre. The season was marked by the appearance of two Japanese players, Kumagae and Mikami, in the principal tournaments. Williams won the national singles title, Johnston and Griffin the doubles. Miss Bjurstedt took every title she contested. In 1917, with the United States in the war, tennis was transferred to the army and navy, all the ranking 1
players being in the services. The " patriotic singles, in lieu of a national championship, was won by R. L. Murray, a Californian settled in the east. In 1918 R. L. Murray won the title in straight sets from William T. Tilden. Tilden and Vincent Richards won the doubles title. In 1919 Johnston won the singles title from Tilden, while Brookes and Gerald Patterson, from Australia, took the doubles. Brookes, Patterson, Lycett and Thomas, of Australia, invaded the United States, but were beaten at Forest Hills, 4 matches to o, by Johnston and Williams, and in the doubles by Tilden and Johnston. In 1920 Tilden. won back the singles titles from Johnston, while Johnston and Griffin won the doubles.
Polo.-The United States retained the cup against England at Meadowbrook in 1911, winning by 2 to o, the American team consisting of the famous " big four," Lawrence Waterbury and J. M. Waterbury (forwards), Harry Payne Whitney (No. 3), and Devereux Milburn (back); in 1913 the same team won again by 2 matches to o. In 1914 Lord Wimborne's team took the trophy to Great Britain winning 2 straight matches from an American team consisting of Milburn, who played both 3 and back, the two Waterburys, and Rene La Montagne. In 1921 an American invasion of Hurlingham was led by Devereux Milburn, whose team, consisting of himself at back, J. Watson Webb at No. 3, Thomas Hitchcock, Jr., at No. 2, and Louis E. Stoddard at No. 1, brought the cup back to the United States winning 2 straight matches by II to 4 and to to 6.
Yachting.-Just before the outbreak of the war Sir Thomas Lipton renewed his challenge for the America's Cup, there having been no races since 1903. " Shamrock IV.," a much-criticized boat, was sent to a drydock in Brooklyn, while " Resolute " and "Vanitie " reappeared and contested the right to sail as defender. The thirteenth series of races for this trophy was not sailed until July 15-27 1920, off Sandy Hook. The challenger was designed by C. E. Nicholson and was sailed by Capt. William P. Burton, an amateur skipper. Capt. Andrew Jackson Applegate, an American familiar with conditions on this course, acted as professional pilot. The defender was " Resolute," winner of 7 out of 13 races against " Vanitie," 4 being won by the latter and 2 called off. " Resolute " was built by a syndicate of New York yachtsmen, composed of J. P. Morgan, Cornelius Vanderbilt, Arthur Curtiss James, George F. Baker and others. The skipper was the well-known amateur, Charles Francis Adams of Boston. The sailing-master was Capt. Chris Christensen, he and the mates being of Scandinavian birth. but American citizens. The defender was designed by Nat. Herres hoff, of the Herreshoff family of Bristol, R.I. The first 2 races were won by " Shamrock," the last 3 and the cup by " Resolute." Twice the yachts failed to finish within the 6-hour time limit. Once the wind was deemed too strong to permit a start. It was feared that with lee decks awash there was risk of losing a man overboard. In all but one race " Resolute " was allowed 6 min. 40 sec. handicap, due largely to the challenger's great sail area with Marconi mast and extreme hoist. In the same year was held the first race for the championship of the North Atlantic fishing fleet off Halifax. " Esperanto," United States, defeated " Delawanna," Canadian, in two straight races over a 40-m. course, for $4,000 and a cup.
Golf.-In Great Britain, H. Vardon was the champion in 1911 and 1914, E. Ray in 1912, J. H. Taylor in 1913, G. Duncan in 1920, and Jock Hutchison in 1921. In the amateur championships H. H. Hilton won in 1911 and 1913, John Ball in 1912, J. L. C. Jenkins in 1914, C. J. H. Tolley in 1920 and W. I. Hunter in 1921. The ladies' open championship fell to Miss D. Campbell in 1911, to Miss G. Ravenscroft in 1912, to Miss Muriel Dodd in 1913, and in 1914, 1919, 1920 and 1921 to Miss C. Leitch.
In the United States the amateur championship was won by H. Hilton in 1911 and by Jerome Travers in 1912. J. J. McDermott won the open tournament both in 1911 and 1912. Travers defeated Anderson for the amateur title in 1913, and Francis Ouimet won the open title, after a tie with Harry Vardon and Ted Ray of England. No amateur before had won this title, and Ouimet was only 20 years old. Miss Gladys Ravenscroft, of England, won the American ladies' championship in 1913. In 1914 Ouimet defeated W. C. Fownes for the amateur title, and Walter Hagen won the open from a field of English, French and Scotch professionals; the women's title went to Miss Georgiana Bishop. The amateur title for 1915 went to Robert M. Gardner; and Jerome Travers won the open, the second triumph of an amateur. In 1916 " Chick " Evans took the amateur title from Gardner, and the open from the professional Jock Hutchison. With the United States at war in the following year golf was abandoned save as exhibitions were given in aid of the Red Cross. The first revival came in 1918 with a match in Canada between American and Canadian amateurs, which was won by the Canadians, 23 to 19. A complete revival followed in 1919; S. Davisson Herron won the amateur title, though four former champions, Travers, Gardner, Ouimet and Evans, were entered. " Bobby " Jones was the runner-up. The open was won by Walter Hagen, while Miss Alexa Stirling easily took the women's title. Gardner went to England in 1920 for the amateur championship, and was only beaten in the final, after an extra hole, by Cyril J. Tolley, the Oxonian. Ray and Vardon made this year a remarkable invasion of the United States, Ted Ray winning the open championship. The amateur title went to Evans. The U.S. team easily won the Devonshire Cup from Canada. In 1921 an American invasion of England by the strongest of professional and amateur teams resulted in the winning of a team match by the Americans, and of the open championship by Jock Hutchison, of St. Andrews, a naturalized American.
| Doncaster | 2,000-guineas | 1,000-guineas | Oaks | St. Leger | Newmarket | Newmarket | 1911 | Cherimoya | Prince Palatine | Sunstar | Atmah | 1912 | Mirska | Tracery | Sweeper II. | Tagalie | 1913 | Jest | Night Hawk | Louvois | Jest | 1914 | Princess | Black Jester | Kennymore | Princess | Dorrie | Dorrie | 1915 | 1 Snow | Not run | Pommern | Silver Tag | Marten | 1916 | 1 Fifinella | Not run | Clarissimus | Canyon | 1917 | 1 Sunny Jane | Gay Crusader | Diadem | 1918 | 1 My Dear | Gainsborough | Ferry | 1919 | Bayuda | Keysoe | The Panther | Roseway | 1920 | Charlebelle | Caligula | Tetratema | Cinna | 1921 | Love in Idleness | Craig an Enan | Bettina Horse Racing.-The following is a list of the winners of the Derby in England from 1911 to 1921: Winner Owner 1911 Sunstar Mr. J. B. Joel 1912 Tagalie Mr. Raphael 1913 1 Aboyeur Mr. Cunliffe 1914 Durbar II. Mr. H. B. Duryea 1915 2 Pommern Mr. S. B. Joel 1916 2 Fifinella Mr. E. Hulton 1917 2Gay Crusader Mr. Fairie 1918 'GainsLady James borough Douglas 1919 Grand Parade Lord Glanely 1920 Spion Kop Major G. Loder 1921 Humorist Mr. J. B. Joel 1 Craganour, who came in first, w 2 " New Derby " run at Newmark Other "classic" races resulted as 'Run at Newmarket. In 1914, before the season was half over, came the war. During most of August racing was suspended, partly because of difficulties of transit and also because some courses were occupied by the military. Owing largely to the King's desire that the interests of the many people employed in racing establishments should not be endangered, the remaining fixtures were carried out, so far as regarded the more important ones. For the first time since 1865 the Derby was won by a horse bred and trained in France, Durbar II. On May 16 1915 the Jockey Club issued a notice suspending all racing under their jurisdiction, except the Newmarket fixtures, until further notice. Substitute races for the Derby, Oaks and St. Leger were arranged at Newmarket. In the United States, too, horse-racing was interrupted by the war, but there was a prompt revival afterwards. In 1920 Man-O'- War, a chestnut colt by Fair Play-Mahubah, from the Glen Riddle Farm, and trained by Louis Feustel, started in 21 races, winning 20 and taking one second. Its total winnings amounted to $244,465. Man-O'-War held the American running records for r m. (r min. 35% sec.), r s m., I a m. and 1 s m. The climax of the 1920 season was a match race between Man-O'-War, owned by Samuel Riddle, and Sir Barton, owned by Commodore Ross of Canada, at a mile and a quarter, at the Kenilworth track, Windsor, Ont. The race was for a purse of $75,000 and a $5,000 cup offered by A. M. Orpen. Man-O'-War won by seven lengths in 2 min., 3 sec., three seconds slower than the record made by Whisk Broom II. in 1913. Rowing.-For the professional championship of the world, the following contests took place: 1910-R. Arnst beat E. Barry on Zambesi. 191 i-R. Arnst beat H. Pearce on Parramatta. 1912-E. Barry beat R. Arnst on Thames. 1912-E. Barry beat E. Durnan on Thames. 1913-E. Barry beat H. Pearce on Thames. 1914-E. Barry beat J. Paddon on Thames. 19r9-A. D. Felton beat E. Barry on Thames. 1920-E. Barry beat A. D. Felton on Parramatta.
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