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Poglizza

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(Serbo-Croatian, Poljica), a tract of mountainous land in Dalmatia, Austria; formerly the seat of an independent republic. The territories of Poglizza lay chiefly within the south-easterly curve made by the river Cetina before it enters the Adriatic at Almissa (Omis). They also comprised the fastnesses of the Mossor range (4500 ft.) and the fertile strip of coast from Almissa to Stobrez, io m. W.N.W. The inhabitants lived in scattered villages, each ruled by its count, and all together ruled by the supreme count. These officers, with the three judges, were always of noble birth, though elected by the whole body of citizens. There were two orders of nobles; the higher, including about 20 families, claimed Hungarian descent; the lower, claiming kinship with the Bosnian aristocracy. Below these ranked the commoners and the serfs. At a very early date the warlike highlanders of Poglizza became the friends and allies of the Almissan corsairs, who were thus enabled to harass the seaborne trade of their neighbours without fear of a sudden attack by land. Almissa received a charter from Andrew II. of Hungary in 1207, and remained under the nominal protection of Hungary until 1444, when both Almissa and Poglizza accepted the suzerainty of Venice, while retaining their internal freedom. The population of Poglizza numbered 6566 in 1806. In the following year, however, the republic incurred the enmity of Napoleon by rendering aid to the Russians and Montenegrins in Dalmatia; and it was invaded by French troops, who plundered its villages, massacred its inhabitants, and finally deprived it of independence.

See the Annuario Dalmatico for 1885 (published at Zara); and A. Fortis, Travels into Dalmatia (London, 1778).

Poincare, Raymond (1860-), French statesman, was born at Bar-le-duc on the 20th of August 1860, the son of Nicolas Antoinin Helene Poincare, a distinguished civil servant and meteorologist. Educated at the university of Paris, Raymond was called to the Paris bar, and was for some time law editor of the Voltaire. He had served for over a year in the department of agriculture when in 1887 he was elected deputy for the Meuse. He made a great reputation in the Chamber as an economist, and sat on the budget commissions of1890-1891and 1892. He was minister of education, fine arts and religion in the first cabinet (April - Nov. 1893) of Charles Dupuy, and minister of finance in the second and third (May 1894 - Jan. 1895). In the succeeding Ribot cabinet Poincare became minister of public instruction. Although he was excluded from the Radical cabinet which followed, the revised scheme of death duties proposed by the new ministry was based upon his proposals of the previous year. He became vice-president of the chamber in the autumn of 1895, and in spite of the bitter hostility of the Radicals retained his position in 1896 and 1897. In 1906 he returned to the ministry of finance in the short-lived Sarrien ministry. Poincare had retained his practice at the bar during his political career, and he published several volumes of essays on literary and political subjects.

His brother, Lucien Poincare (b. 1862), famous as a physicist, became inspector-general of public instruction in 1902. He is the author of La Physique moderne (1906) and L'Electricite (1907). Jules Henri Poincare (b. 1854), also a distinguished physicist, belongs to another branch of the same family.