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Cytisine

1911 Encyclopedia Britannica

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(Ulexin, Sophorin), C 11 H 14 N 2 O, an alkaloid discovered in 1818 by J. B. Chevreul in the seeds of laburnum (Cytisus Laburnum) and isolated by A. Husemann and W. Marme in 1865 (Zeit. f. Chemie, 1865, i.p. 161). It is also found in the seeds of furze (Ulex europaeus), Sophora tormentosa, and Euchresta horsfieldii. !It is extracted from the seeds by an After E. Ray Lankester, Ency. Brit., 9th e Cystoflagella d.

to Protozoa.

6. Noctiluca miliaris, acted upon by iodine solution, showing the protoplasm shrunk away from the structureless pellicle.

a = entrance to atrium.

7. Lateral view of Noctiluca miliaris. a, entrance to atrium.

b, atrium.

c, superficial ridge.

d, big flagellum.

e= mouth and gullet, in which is seen Krohn's oral flagellum (=the chief flagellum, or flagellum of the longitudinal groove of Dinoflagellata).

broad process of protoplasm extending from the superficial ridge c to the central protoplasm.

g, duplicature of pellicle in connexion with superficial ridge.

h, nucleus.

f, alcoholic solution of acetic acid, and forms large crystals which melt at 153° C., and are easily soluble in water, alcohol and chloroform. It is a secondary and tertiary di-acid base, and is strongly alkaline in its reaction. Hydrogen peroxide oxidizes it to oxycytisine, C11H14N202, chromic acid to an acid, C11H9N03, and potassium permanganate to oxalic acid and ammonia. It acts as a violent poison.

See further, P. C. Plugge, Arch. der Pharm. (1891), 229, p. 48 et seq.; A. Partheil, Ber. (1890), 23, p. 3201, Arch. der Pharm. (1892), 230, p. 44 8; M. Freund and A. Friedmann, Ber. (1901), 34, p. 615; and J. Herzig and H. Meyer, Monats. f. Chem. (1897), 18, p. 379