Verse-by-Verse Bible Commentary
Psalms 50:21

Clarke's Commentary

Verse Psalms 50:21. These things hast thou done — My eye has been continually upon you, though my judgments have not been poured out: and because I was silent, thou didst suppose I was such as thyself; but I will reprove thee, &c. I will visit for these things.

Bridgeway Bible Commentary

Psalms 50:0 True worship

In a scene that displays his awesome majesty, God commands the whole world to stand before his judgment throne (1-3). He is the righteous judge of all the peoples of the world, and his first call to judgment concerns his own people, Israel (4-6).
God’s complaint against the Israelites is not that they have failed to offer sacrifices and offerings. Indeed, they have offered them continually (7-8). But God will not accept their offerings. Instead of offering their sacrifices in a spirit of humble worship, the people were offering them as if they were doing God a favour for which he should be thankful. They offered their sacrifices as if they were giving God something he needed. But God needs nothing; he already owns everything (9-11). The meat and blood of the sacrifices are of no material use to him. God is not like the mortal beings of earth who have to eat and drink to keep alive (12-13). The offerings that he accepts are those based on thanksgiving, obedience and complete trust (14-15).
Turning to judge those who are not his people, God condemns them for their disobedience, lies, adultery and slander (16-20). Because God does not act in immediate judgment against them, they think he approves of their behaviour. They are about to find out that such thinking is mistaken (21). They are warned of God’s terrible judgment and invited to accept his free salvation (22-23).

Coffman's Commentaries on the Bible

THE WICKED ARE THEN JUDGED

Just as Peter said, "Judgment began at the House of God; but the sinner and the ungodly came next. The following verses are an account of the judgment of the wicked, not of Israel, but of the wicked.

"But unto the wicked God saith, What hast thou to do to declare my statutes, And that thou hast taken thy covenant in thy mouth, Seeing that thou hatest instruction, And castest my words behind thee? When thou sawest a thief, thou consentedst with him. And thou hast been partakers with adulterers. Thou givest thy mouth to evil, And thy tongue frameth deceit. Thou sittest and speakest against thy brother; Thou slanderest thine own mother's son. These things hast thou done, and I kept silence; Thou thoughtest that I was altogether such a one as thyself. But I will reprove thee, and set them in order before thine eyes."

"Unto the wicked, God saith" The first thing to observe here is that God is definitely not judging "his people," but "the wicked." Oh yes, we are aware that many of the writers have a field day here tongue-lashing their favorite whipping-boy, the "hypocrite'; but there's not a word here about `hypocrites.' The "wicked" here is definitely not a designation of hypocritical Israelites; but as DeHoff said, these words, "Refer to people who had no intention of keeping God's word but sought to tread it under foot."George DeHoff, Vol. III, p. 147.

"Declare my statutes… take my covenant in thy mouth" Oh yes, these wicked people did a lot of talking about God's word and about his covenant; but there is no indication here that they ever had any such thing "in their hearts." Their `mouth' does not qualify them as citizens of God's kingdom. Did not the Devil himself take God's word in his mouth, etc., when he deceived Eve?

If we may state a purely personal opinion here, it is that the greatest enemies of God on earth today, are precisely those who are doing an incredible amount of writing about God's word, with one and only one design, namely, that of destroying all confidence in it as God's word. Thus, talking (or writing) about the word of God, and declaiming about `his covenant' is the `stock in trade' of the most wicked people of our generation.

We may further identify the "wicked" of this passage.

"Thou hatest instruction… castest my words behind thee" These terms have no application to hypocrites but refer to arrogant sinners who hate God's word and belittle and deny it continually, casting it behind them as worthless.

Psalms 50:18-20 enumerate a number of sins including: thievery, adultery, evil speech, deceit and slander - still not a word about hypocrites. Hypocrites these men are not; they are "the wicked" of Psalms 50:16.

The community of critics who love to apply this passage to "hypocrites" are aware that no mention whatever of them is in the passage and that the powerful identification that stands at the head of it, i.e., "the wicked," absolutely denies any such limited application. Some have even taken the critic's last resort of claiming that the words do not belong in the Bible. "`To the wicked' is probably a gloss."The Interpreter's Bible, Vol. IV, p. 264. But the words are not a gloss; they belong in the text as all trustworthy versions demonstrate.

This chapter concludes with a word to both classes who shall be featured in the Judgment of the Last Day, namely the good and the bad, the wheat and the chaff, the wise and the foolish, those on the right and those on the left, the wheat and the tares, the sheep and the goats, etc. Thus this view of the Eternal Judgment harmonizes with the view throughout the Bible, namely, that there are two classes, and only two classes, of God's human children, i.e., the saved and the lost. Both are addressed in the final two verses.

Barnes' Notes on the Whole Bible

These things hast thou done, and I kept silence - Compare the notes at Isaiah 18:4. The meaning is, that while they did these things - while they committed these abominations - he did not interfere. He did not come forth in his anger to destroy them. He had borne all this with patience. He had borne this until it was now time that he should interpose Isaiah 18:3, and state the true principles of his government, and warn then of the consequences of such a course of sin and hypocrisy. Compare the notes at Acts 17:30.

Thou thoughtest that I was altogether such an one as thyself - The idea here is, that they thought or imagined that God was just like themselves in the matter under consideration, and they acted under this impression; or, in other words, the fair interpretation of their conduct was that they thus regarded God. That is, they supposed that “God” would be satisfied with the “forms” of religion, as “they” were; that all he required was the proper offering of sacrifice, according to “their” views of the nature of religion; that he did not regard principle, justice, pure morality, sincerity, even as they themselves did not; and that he would not be strict to punish sin, or to reprove them for it, if these forms were kept up, even as “they” were not disposed to be rigid on the subject of sin.

But I will reprove thee - I will rebuke thee alike for thy sins, and for this view of the nature of religion.

And set them in order - literally, I will “array” them; that is, I will draw them out to view in their appropriate ranks and orders, as soldiers are drawn up in martial array. They shall be so arranged and classified that they may be seen distinctly.

Before thine eyes - So that they may be plainly seen. The meaning is, that they would have a clear and impressive view of them: they would be made to see them as they were. This might be done then, as it is done now, either

(a) by their being set before their minds and hearts, so that they would see and feel the enormity of sin, to wit, by conviction for it; or

(b) by sending such punishment on them for their sins that they might “measure” the guilt and the number of their transgressions by the penalties which would be inflicted.

In some way all sinners will yet be made to see the nature and the extent of their guilt before God.

Calvin's Commentary on the Bible

21These things hast thou done Hypocrites, until they feel the hand of God against them, are ever ready to surrender themselves to a state of security, and nothing is more difficult than to awaken their apprehensions. By this alarming language the Psalmist aims at convincing them of the certainty of destruction should they longer presume upon the forbearance of God, and thus provoke his anger the more, by imagining that he can favor the practice of sin. The greatest dishonor which any can cast upon his name is that of impeaching his justice. This hypocrites may not venture to do in an open manner, but in their secret and corrupt imagination they figure God to be different from what he is, that they may take occasion from his conceived forbearance to indulge a false peace of mind, and escape the disquietude which they could not fail to feel were they seriously persuaded that God was the avenger of sin. We have a sufficient proof in the supine security which hypocrites display, that they must have formed such false conceptions of God. They not only exclude from their thoughts his judicial character, but think of him as the patron and approver of their sins. The Psalmist reprehends them for abusing the goodness and clemency of God, in the way of cherishing a vain hope that they may transgress with impunity. He warns them, that ere long they will be dragged into the light, and that those sins which they would have hidden from the eyes of God would be set in all their enormity before their view. He will set the whole list of their sins in distinct order, for so I understand the expression, to set in order, before their view, and force them upon their observation.

Smith's Bible Commentary

Psalms 50:1-23

Psalms 50:1-23 is divided into three categories. The first six verses deal with God who is speaking. In the Hebrew it begins, "El Elohim, Jehovah, hath spoken." God, singular; Gods, plural; and then the name Yahweh or Jehovah, hath spoken. "El Elohim," the El, God singular, is many times translated mighty, because it is that force concentrated, and thus, the thought of God as mighty. So it is translated,

The mighty God, even Jehovah, hath spoken ( Psalms 50:1 ),

God Gods, Elohim; or God Gods, Jehovah, hath spoken,

and he called the earth from the rising of the sun unto the going down thereof. Out of Zion, the perfection of beauty, God hath shined. Our God shall come, he will not keep silence: a fire shall devour before him, and it shall be very tempestuous round about him ( Psalms 50:1-3 ).

When our Lord comes again, breaking again into history... now there are those who have declared that God has alienated Himself from the earth, from man, and from history. In the last days Peter said, "Scoffers are going to come saying, 'Where is the promise of His coming? Since our fathers have fallen asleep, all things continue as they were from the beginning'" ( 2 Peter 3:3-4 ). "God has pulled away from His work, from His world, from His universe. He is allowing things now to just progress in an evolutionary order" is the word of scoffers. But Peter points out God has intervened in history before. These men are willingly ignorant of the flood where God intervened in history. Willingly ignorant of the incarnation of Jesus Christ, where God came in the flesh and dwelt among us.

And He is coming again. He is not going to keep silent. God has spoken. He is coming, and around Him and before Him the devouring fire of the Great Tribulation and this tempestuous movements about Him. When Jesus returns, the earth is going to be in the midst of the greatest carnage it has ever known. That battle of Armageddon will be in full swing. Blood will be flowing to the horses' bridles throughout the valley of Megiddo. Horrible carnage as man is unleashing all of his pent up anger and resentment and bitterness and hatred against each other. Culminating in this mad rebellion against God and seeing the climax of man's rebellion against God saying, "We don't want God to rule over us. We will rule over ourselves. We can live without God. We don't need God. We don't need to be confined by prudish laws or by restraining principles by which I am not allowed to follow the full desires of my own passions and flesh." And we will see the culmination of man's rebellion there in the valley of Megiddo. And while that battle is full swing, Jesus will come again. He'll set His foot on the Mount of Olives, and that thing is just going to split right through the middle. There is going to be... it's tempestuous. It's gonna be, the world will be in a tempestuous state at His coming.

He shall call to the heavens from above, and to the earth, that he may judge his people ( Psalms 50:4 )

Gathering together the people for judgment.

Gather my saints together unto me; those that have made a covenant with me by sacrifice. And the heavens shall declare his righteousness: for God is judge himself ( Psalms 50:5-6 ).

And so God is speaking. He tells of the day that is coming, the day of His judgment. He is not going to keep silent forever. First of all, God addresses Himself now to His people, the second part of the psalm, beginning with verse Psalms 50:7 , and going through verse Psalms 50:15 . And God said,

Hear, O my people, and I will speak; O Israel, and I will testify against thee: I am God, even thy God. I will not reprove thee for thy sacrifices or thy burnt offerings, to have been continually before me ( Psalms 50:7-8 ).

"I don't have anything to say against the fact that you were faithful in your religious duties. You kept the sacrifices, the offerings there continually. You were very faithful in your religious duties." But God is saying that's not what it is about. "I don't want mechanical worship from you. I don't want your service to Me to be out of a sense of obligation or duty." So,

I will take no bullock out of your house, nor he goats out of your folds: For every beast of the forest is mine, and the cattle upon a thousand hills. I know all the fowls of the mountain: and the wild beasts of the field are mine. If I were hungry, I would not tell thee: for the world is mine, and the fullness thereof. Will I eat the flesh of bulls, or drink the blood of goats? ( Psalms 50:9-13 )

Now God is showing that the people had the wrong concept when they were bringing their sacrifices to Him. When they were giving to God they had just that idea, "Oh, I am giving to God." As though God had a need for me to give to Him. As though God needed me to supply the meat for His dinner tonight. So I will take one of the lambs out of my flock and I'll bring it to God so that He can have dinner tonight, for He is depending on me to feed Him. God said, "Look, I'm not hungry. If I were hungry I wouldn't tell you. Because the world is Mine and the fullness thereof. I wouldn't go to you."

It is manifestly wrong for us to give the assumption to people today that God is broke. I am tired of the letters that I get every week where God is in another financial crisis. "This is the greatest crisis we've ever faced in the history of our ministry, and God is going to have cut back His marvelous work. It is going to cease unless you send in twenty-five dollars this week." And these ministries that are facing one crisis after another. What a poor image they are giving of God to the world as they get on television with their sniffles and tell us how desperate God is. How He needs immediate, emergency action on your part to save Him from financial disaster. So that people are giving with the idea of helping God out. "Oh God, please don't file bankruptcy. Here! I will send You a check for five dollars." As though God is depending on me for support, and if I fail to support Him, His whole program is down the tubes. God doesn't want you to give with the idea of helping Him out. God doesn't want you to think that He is holding out a tin cup.

And God was upset with the people. "I am not hungry. If I were hungry, I wouldn't tell you. I don't need you to supply Me for food. Do you think I am going to eat that dirty old goat out of your flock? You're kidding yourself. The reason why you are bringing a sacrifice isn't to feed Me. The reason why you are brining a sacrifice is that your sins might be covered in order that you might have restored fellowship with Me, and that is what I desire. Is meaningful, heartfelt fellowship with you. That's what I want. I don't need your money. I don't need your goats. I don't need your sheep. I want your fellowship. I want your love. I want your service to Me not to be a duty, not to be an obligation. I want it to be a response in love, your love to Me, so that we can have this close, beautiful fellowship with each other. Now sin has broken your fellowship; sin keeps you away. Therefore, bring a sacrifice so you can cover your sin. The sacrifice is for your benefit, to cover your guilt in order that you can have fellowship with Me." And that's the real thrust behind the sacrifice is restored fellowship with God that you might have this deep, heartfelt, intimate communion with Him.

Now the same with our giving to God today, it isn't to help God out. It isn't to keep God solvent. The giving is an expression of my love. "God, I love You so much. I appreciate so much what You have done for me. I want to do something for You, God." And I am giving with a heart of love. I am giving with a heart that is overflowing. I desire to give. I want to give. The Bible said your giving to God should never be grudgingly or out of constraint. You should never be giving by pressure. And using pressure methods to induce people to give is manifestly wrong. Boy, I would be embarrassed to stand before God when I got to heaven if I were guilty of some of these methods of raising funds for God. Oh man, I am going to enjoy just sitting back and just watch God rake them over the coals for the way they have represented Him. Watch Him as He shakes them until their teeth rattle. Making people think He is broke. Making people think that He is begging and has to beg in order to survive. What a blasphemous concept of God they are promoting.

And God doesn't want that kind of giving anyhow. God wants you to give out of a heart of love. Therefore, "As every man has purposed in his own heart, so let him give. For God loves a hilarious giver" ( 2 Corinthians 9:7 ). Oh, the way we motivate people, "Give and God is going to give back to you, measured out, pressed down, running over. Men are going to give unto your bosom. You give ten, God will give you a hundred." And we motivate them out of their own greed. We're using their own greed as a motivator to get them to give because, "Look what God is going to give to you. You just give to God and you will be driving, you know, limousines." And we're using carnal motivation, when in reality God doesn't want people giving out of that kind of motive. Thinking, "Oh boy, gonna give ten and gonna get a hundred. Man, that's neat. Give a hundred; get a thousand. All right! Give a thousand; get a million. You know, I'll get rich." What poor motivation for giving. "Oh God, I love You. God, I appreciate so much You've done. How can I do less than just give You my best. Give You my all, God. You have done so much for me. I had nothing; I deserve nothing, and yet, You have been so good. So rich unto me. You've blessed me so much, oh God. What can I give You, God?" And my giving to God is just out of a heart that's overflowing with love and appreciation. That's the kind of gift that God desires.

So God says, "Look, I am not hungry. I'm not hurting. I'm not broke. I would just assume that you not offer your sacrifices, except that you need to in order to come to Me. But what I want you to really offer to Me... now the sacrifice is for you; it's to cover your sin. That you can come to Me, but then offer to Me thanksgiving." I think we ought to keep a tally sheet this week. And let's keep a record of how many times we complain to God about things that aren't quite right. Things that we don't like, things that have gone wrong. And then keep another sheet on how many times I've stopped to just thank God for all that I have. I think that if we would really keep a tally on ourselves, we would be rather amazed at how much gripping and complaining we do and how little thanks we give. And yet, God wants our thanksgiving. God said,

Offer unto me thanksgiving; and pay thy vows unto the Most High ( Psalms 50:14 ):

Now when I make a vow to God it is because I am conscious of the fact that I am not all that I should be, and I am promising God I am going to be better. David said, "I will pay the vows that I made to You in the day in which I was in trouble." And that is usually when you make a vow, when you are really in trouble. "Oh God, help me now. Just get me out of this mess and I promise, Lord, I am going to live a better life. Lord, just help me out of this and I promise this is what I am going to do." And when I am in trouble I make my vows to God.

But then when I get out of trouble, like the little kid sliding down the roof, crying out to God, "Oh God, help me. Help me, God. I am slipping. I am falling." And his pants got caught on a nail and he turned and said, "Never mind, God. The nail stopped me." And we forget God so quickly. We are willing to attribute the work to just circumstances or to coincidences. "Oh, that's all right, God. I don't need You any more." You know. And we forget the promises that we made. We forget the vows. We go on living the same old crummy life. Substandard in our Christian walk. Then we get in trouble, "Oh God, if You just get me out of this, I promise, this time really, Lord. Really and truly. Cross my heart and hope to die, Lord." You see, I am aware of my shortcomings. I am aware that I am not living the kind of life that I should. I am conscious of that. I am guilty. I know I am guilty. Now, I spend most of my life trying to cover my guilt and not let people know how guilty I am. But in my own heart I know that I am not all that I should be. And that's why, when I am in trouble, I make promises to God. But God is saying, "Hey, just keep your vows. Start living a right kind of a life."

And then call upon me in the day of trouble: and I will deliver you ( Psalms 50:15 ),

God so many times has said for us to call on Him in trouble. Jeremiah 33:1-26 , "Call upon Me and I will answer thee and show thee great and mighty things which thou knowest not." Imagine God inviting you to call on Him. "Anytime you are in trouble, just call on Me."

I have a friend who gave me his card, and he said, "Anytime you're in trouble, just call this number." Oh man, does that make you feel good. Anytime you are in trouble, you've got a number to call. I have a friend who was in her eighties. She had a beautiful gift of exhortation to the body of Christ. She had a big old Cadillac, and she would drive across the country in this big old Cadillac, ministering in churches, exhorting the body of Christ across the country. Blessed little old saint. She had to sit up on a cushion to see over the dashboard. And she was in a meeting in Texas, and through her gift of exhortation, a wealthy man there in the meeting was really touched. And he came up to her and he said, "I am worried about you driving across the country in that big old car." It was an old Cadillac, and he said, "I own a fleet of trucks." And he said, "We have garages all over the country." And he said, "I want you to take my card and here is my number on it," and he said, "anytime, anywhere, when you need help, just call the number." And he said, "You are not far from one of my garages," and he said, "I will see that your car is towed in and that you are taken care of." And she smiled and handed the card back to him and said, "You know, that is a very generous offer and I want you to know that I appreciate it very much, but," she said, "for over sixty years I have been trusting in the Lord to take care of me, and He hasn't failed me yet. I don't know why I should accept a substitute."

God says, "Call upon Me in trouble. I will deliver you." Now when you can call on God, why should you accept a substitute? How beautiful it is that we can call upon God. "I will deliver you." And as a result of God's deliverance,

I will glorify him ( Psalms 50:15 ).

And that is the kind of praise that God desires. That praise that is a response to what He has done for me. Now God has said that to His people.

Now He is talking to the wicked, in the day of judgment.

But unto the wicked God says, What hast thou to do to declare my statutes, or that thou shouldest take my covenant in thy mouth? Seeing that you hate instruction, and that you cast my words behind you ( Psalms 50:16-17 ).

Why should you come into the kingdom? Why should you come under the authority of My reigning and My ruling, seeing that you have hated instruction? You didn't want anything to do with Me.

When you saw a thief, you consented with him ( Psalms 50:18 ),

Now Jesus said that if a person tries to come into the kingdom any other way than by Me, the Door, he is a thief and a robber. And He said, "Now you have seen the way of thieves, people that have been trying to come in by other ways, and you consent with them."

It's amazing the weird things that people will believe when they reject Jesus Christ. The weird antics they will go through. The weird concepts they will take up. Otherwise intelligent, brilliant men. Some of the biggest spiritual dupes I have ever met are college professors who are constantly putting down Jesus Christ in the classroom. But they all have, it seems, their little quest in, you know, spiritism, or into this or that or the other weird thing, you know. Too intelligent for Jesus Christ. But trying to find another way. The Lord in the day of judgment said, "Hey, why should you try to come into My kingdom now? Why should you be a part of it? You have hated instruction. You've put My words behind you. When you saw a thief you consented with them,"

and you have been a partaker with adulterers ( Psalms 50:18 ).

That is, those of spiritual adultery. "You've been following other gods."

You give your mouth to evil, and your tongue frames deceit. You sit and speak against thy brother; and you slander your own mother's son. These things you have done, and I've kept silence; but you thought that I was altogether one such as you: but I will reprove thee, and set thee in order before thine eyes ( Psalms 50:19-21 ).

"Now you made the mistake, you've made the sad mistake of thinking that My silence was weakness. That because I was silent, I didn't care. That because I was silent it didn't matter." Because you weren't judged immediately you thought that God was approving. This is a mistake, and let me warn you, a mistake that many people make, even Christians who fall into a path of wickedness and sin. I have heard them say, I have had them say to me, "If what we are doing is so wrong, then why does God still bless our lives?" And they mistake the patience and the longsuffering and the grace of God as approval for their wickedness. Or that God is condoning the evil that they are doing. God will never condone wickedness. God is merciful. God is gracious. God is longsuffering. But make no mistake, He is not weak. And the day of judgment will come. And though it may seem that you are getting by with it because God hasn't already cut you off, because God hasn't already with a swift hand brought His judgment upon you, it doesn't mean that you are going to escape judgment. It doesn't mean that God won't judge, that God is too weak to judge, or that God approves what you are doing. Never. The day will come.

But it is fatal mistake for many people, for they have made a fatal mistake in thinking, "Because God hasn't judged me... " Here is guy that stands out in the field and says, "If there is a God up there in heaven, let Him strike me dead. Now see, that is a proof that there's no God, cause I am still here." God is so patient with us. But He's not weak. And He will come; He will judge.

Now consider this, you that forget God ( Psalms 50:22 ),

Just remember this, consider it.

lest I tear you in pieces, and there be none to deliver ( Psalms 50:22 ).

You better take note of this. I am not smiling. I am not approving. You better take careful note of that. For if you don't change, if you go on in your wickedness, there will be none to deliver.

The psalm closes with,

Whoso offereth praise glorifies me: and to him that ordereth his conversation ( Psalms 50:23 )

The word conversation is an old English word. The word literally means, "his manner of living." And if you'll just order your life, your manner of living, in the right way, God said,

I will show you my salvation ( Psalms 50:23 ).

Shall we pray.

Father, we pray that we might give the more earnest heed to the things which we have heard, lest we should drift away from them. For we know that if the words spoken by angels was steadfast, and that if every trespass received a just recompense of reward, we know that there is no escaping if we neglect this great salvation that You have offered to us through Your Son Jesus Christ. Lord, help us that we might order our lives aright. Help us, Lord, to be giving thanks to You. Help us, Lord, to live up to what we know to be right. To pay our vows and to call upon You at all times, that You might work in our lives Your beautiful work of love and of grace. Lord, may we experience with the psalmist that great thirst after Thee. Hungering and thirsting after righteousness. That we might be filled and that we might overflow with Your love and with Your Spirit. In Jesus' name. Amen. "

Dr. Constable's Expository Notes

Psalms 50

This psalm pictures God seated in His heavenly throne room. He has two indictments against His people Israel. The wicked among them were hypocritical in their worship, a violation of the first part of the Decalogue, and in their interpersonal relationships, a violation of the second part. They needed to return to Him wholeheartedly. This is a didactic psalm written to teach God’s people an important lesson.

"This psalm is the speech of God, who addresses his covenant partner concerning matters of violated covenant. After the narrative introduction of Psalms 50:1-6, it is all one extended speech in the form of a decree with no room for negotiation." [Note: Breuggemann, p. 89.]

The Levitical musician, Asaph, evidently wrote this psalm, as well as Psalms 73-83 (cf. 1 Chronicles 16:4-5).

Dr. Constable's Expository Notes

3. Charge 2: hypocritical living 50:16-21

Dr. Constable's Expository Notes

The people evidently concluded that because God did not judge them for their sinful ways, their sins did not matter to Him. Such was not the case. Their sins did not matter to them. Judgment was coming. They would have to account for their actions.

Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible

These things hast thou done,.... "These evil works", as the Targum; which they had done over and over again without remorse, with the greatest pleasure, and with promises of impunity to themselves. This is a confirmation of the charge made by the omniscient God, who saw and knew all their actions;

and I kept silence; spoke not by terrible things in righteousness, deferred the execution of judgment, exercised forbearance and patience, and gave space to repent; which being despised, they were hardened yet more and more in sin; see Ecclesiastes 8:11. This refers to the space of time between the crucifixion of Christ and the destruction of Jerusalem;

thou thoughtest that I was altogether such an one as thyself; either that he did not see the things committed by them in secret, as the things before mentioned, theft, adultery, slander, and detraction, commonly are; because they could not see such actions done by others: or that he took pleasure in them, as they did, and that he approved of their crucifixion of Jesus of Nazareth, and of their contempt of his Gospel, and of the persecution of his followers;

[but] I will reprove thee: not verbally by the ministry of the word, much less effectually and savingly by his Spirit; nor in a way of fatherly correction and chastisement; but by sore judgments; by sending the Roman armies to burn their city and temple, and carry them captive;

and set [them] in order before thine eyes; that is, their sins, and thereby fully confute their vain imagination, that either he did not take notice of them, or else approved of them. This signifies a formal process against them, as in a court of judicature; bringing in a regular charge and accusation against them, and an orderly disposition of their sins, as to time, place, and circumstances, committed by them, and a strong evidence or thorough conviction of them, so as not to be denied and gainsaid by them: or a setting them in battle array, as in Job 6:4; in rank and file; sins being what war against men, and bring upon them utter ruin and destruction; as the sins of the Jews fought against them, and destroyed them; see Jeremiah 2:19.

Henry's Complete Commentary on the Bible

      16 But unto the wicked God saith, What hast thou to do to declare my statutes, or that thou shouldest take my covenant in thy mouth?   17 Seeing thou hatest instruction, and castest my words behind thee.   18 When thou sawest a thief, then thou consentedst with him, and hast been partaker with adulterers.   19 Thou givest thy mouth to evil, and thy tongue frameth deceit.   20 Thou sittest and speakest against thy brother; thou slanderest thine own mother's son.   21 These things hast thou done, and I kept silence; thou thoughtest that I was altogether such an one as thyself: but I will reprove thee, and set them in order before thine eyes.   22 Now consider this, ye that forget God, lest I tear you in pieces, and there be none to deliver.   23 Whoso offereth praise glorifieth me: and to him that ordereth his conversation aright will I show the salvation of God.

      God, by the psalmist, having instructed his people in the right way of worshipping him and keeping up their communion with him, here directs his speech to the wicked, to hypocrites, whether they were such as professed the Jewish or the Christian religion: hypocrisy is wickedness for which God will judge. Observe here,

      I. The charge drawn up against them. 1. They are charged with invading and usurping the honours and privileges of religion (Psalms 50:16; Psalms 50:16): What has thou to do, O wicked man! to declare my statutes? This is a challenge to those that rare really profane, but seemingly godly, to show what title they have to the cloak of religion, and by what authority they wear it, when they use it only to cover and conceal the abominable impieties of their hearts and lives. Let them make out their claim to it if they can. Some think it points prophetically at the scribes and Pharisees that were the teachers and leaders of the Jewish church at the time when the kingdom of the Messiah, and that evangelical way of worship spoken of in the Psalms 50:7-15, were to be set up. They violently opposed that great revolution, and used all the power and interest which they had by sitting in Moses's seat to hinder it; but the account which our blessed Saviour gives of them (Matthew 23:1-36.), and St. Paul (Romans 2:21; Romans 2:22), makes this expostulation here agree very well to them. They took on them to declare God's statues, but they hated Christ's instruction; and therefore what had they to do to expound the law, when they rejected the gospel? But it is applicable to all those that are practicers of iniquity, and yet professors of piety, especially if withal they be preachers of it. Note, It is very absurd in itself, and a great affront to the God of heaven, for those that are wicked and ungodly to declare his statutes and to take his covenant in their mouths. It is very possible, and too common, for those that declare God's statutes to others to live in disobedience to them themselves, and for those that take God's covenant in their mouths yet in their hearts to continue their covenant with sin and death; but they are guilty of a usurpation, they take to themselves an honour which they have no title to, and there is a day coming when they will be thrust out as intruders. Friend, how camest thou in hither? 2. They are charged with transgressing and violating the laws and precepts of religion. (1.) They are charged with a daring contempt of the word of God (Psalms 50:17; Psalms 50:17): Thou hatest instruction. They loved to give instruction, and to tell others what they should do, for this fed their pride and made them look great, and by this craft they got their living; but they hated to receive instruction from God himself, for that would be a check upon them and a mortification to them. "Thou hatest discipline, the reproofs of the word and the rebukes of Providence." No wonder that those who hate to be reformed hate the means of reformation. Thou castest my words behind thee. They seemed to set God's words before them, when they sat in Moses's seat, and undertook to teach others out of the law (Romans 2:19); but in their conversations they cast God's word behind them, and did not care for seeing that rule which they were resolved not to be ruled by. This is despising the commandment of the Lord. (2.) A close confederacy with the worst of sinners (Psalms 50:18; Psalms 50:18): "When thou sawest a thief, instead of reproving him and witnessing against him, as those should do that declare God's statutes, thou consentedst with him, didst approve of his practices, and desire to be a partner with him and to share in the profits of his cursed trade; and thou hast been partaker with adulterers, hast done as they did, and encouraged them to go on in their wicked courses, hast done these things and hast had pleasure in those that do them," Romans 1:32. (3.) A constant persisting in the worst of tongue-sins (Psalms 50:19; Psalms 50:19): "Thou givest thy mouth to evil, not only allowest thyself in, but addictest thyself wholly to, all manner of evil-speaking." [1.] Lying: Thy tongue frames deceit, which denotes contrivance and deliberation in lying. It knits or links deceit, so some. One lie begets another, and one fraud requires another to cover it. [2.] Slandering (Psalms 50:20; Psalms 50:20): "Thou sittest, and speakest against thy brother, dost basely abuse and misrepresent him, magisterially judge and censure him, and pass sentence upon him, as if you wert his master to whom he must stand or fall, whereas he is thy brother, as good as thou art, and upon the level with thee, for he is thy own mother's son. He is thy near relation, whom thou oughtest to love, to vindicate, and stand up for, if others abused him; yet thou dost thyself abuse him, whose faults thou oughtest to cover and make the best of; if really he had done amiss, yet thou dost most falsely and unjustly charge him with that which he is innocent of; thou sittest and doest this, as a judge upon the bench, with authority; thou sittest in the seat of the scornful, to deride and backbite those whom thou oughtest to respect and be kind to." Those that do ill themselves commonly delight in speaking ill of others.

      II. The proof of this charge (Psalms 50:21; Psalms 50:21): "These things thou hast done; the fact is too plain to be denied, the fault too bad to be excused; these things God knows, and thy own heart knows, thou hast done." The sins of sinners will be proved upon them, beyond contradiction, in the judgment of the great day: "I will reprove thee, or convince thee, so that thou shalt have not one word to say for thyself." The day is coming when impenitent sinners will have their mouths for ever stopped and be struck speechless. What confusion will they be filled with when God shall set their sins in order before their eyes! They would not see their sins to their humiliation, but cast them behind their backs, covered them, and endeavoured to forget them, nor would they suffer their own consciences to put them in mind of them; but the day is coming when God will make them see their sins to their everlasting shame and terror; he will set them in order, original sin, actual sins, sins against the law, sins against the gospel, against the first table, against the second table, sins of childhood and youth, of riper age, and old age. He will set them in order, as the witnesses are set in order, and called in order, against the criminal, and asked what they have to say against him.

      III. The Judge's patience, and the sinner's abuse of that patience: "I kept silence, did not give thee any disturbance in thy sinful way, but let thee alone to take thy course; sentence against thy evil works was respited, and not executed speedily." Note, The patience of God is very great towards provoking sinners. He sees their sins and hates them; it would be neither difficulty nor damage to him to punish them, and yet he waits to be gracious and gives them space to repent, that he may render them inexcusable if they repent not. His patience is the more wonderful because the sinner makes such an ill use of it: "Thou thoughtest that I was altogether such a one as thyself, as weak and forgetful as thyself, as false to my word as thyself, nay, as much a friend to sin as thyself." Sinners take God's silence for consent and his patience for connivance; and therefore the longer they are reprieved the more are their hearts hardened; but, if they turn not, they shall be made to see their error when it is too late, and that the God they provoke is just, and holy, and terrible, and not such a one as themselves.

      IV. The fair warning given of the dreadful doom of hypocrites (Psalms 50:22; Psalms 50:22): "Now consider this, you that forget God, consider that God knows and keeps account of all your sins, that he will call you to an account for them, that patience abused will turn into the greater wrath, that though you forget God and your duty to him he will not forget you and your rebellions against him: consider this in time, before it be too late; for if these things be not considered, and the consideration of them improved, he will tear you in pieces, and there will be none to deliver." It is the doom of hypocrites to be cut asunder,Matthew 24:51. Note, 1. Forgetfulness of God is at the bottom of all the wickedness of the wicked. Those that know God, and yet do not obey him, do certainly forget him. 2. Those that forget God forget themselves; and it will never be right with them till they consider, and so recover themselves. Consideration is the first step towards conversion. 3. Those that will not consider the warnings of God's word will certainly be torn in pieces by the executions of his wrath. 4. When God comes to tear sinners in pieces, there is no delivering them out of his hand. They cannot deliver themselves, nor can any friend they have in the world deliver them.

      V. Full instructions given to us all how to prevent this fearful doom. Let us hear the conclusion of the whole matter; we have it, Psalms 50:23; Psalms 50:23, which directs us what to do that we may attain our chief end. 1. Man's chief end is to glorify God, and we are here told that whoso offers praise glorifies him; whether he be Jew or Gentile, those spiritual sacrifices shall be accepted from him. We must praise God, and we must sacrifice praise, direct it to God, as every sacrifice was directed; put it into the hands of the priest, our Lord Jesus, who is also the altar; see that it be made by fire, sacred fire, that it be kindled with the flame of holy and devout affection; we must be fervent in spirit, praising the Lord. This he is pleased, in infinite condescension, to interpret as glorifying him. Hereby we give him the glory due to his name and do what we can to advance the interests of his kingdom among men. 2. Man's chief end, in conjunction with this, is to enjoy God; and we are here told that those who order their conversation aright shall see his salvation. (1.) It is not enough for us to offer praise, but we must withal order our conversation aright. Thanksgiving is good, but thanks-living is better. (2.) Those that would have their conversation right must take care and pains to order it, to dispose it according to rule, to understand their way and to direct it. (3.) Those that take care of their conversation make sure their salvation; them God will make to see his salvation, for it is a salvation ready to be revealed; he will make them to see it and enjoy it, to see it, and to see themselves happy for ever in it. Note, The right ordering of the conversation is the only way, and it is a sure way, to obtain the great salvation.