Verse-by-Verse Bible Commentary
2 Chronicles 10:13

Bridgeway Bible Commentary

10:1-36:23 THE KINGS OF JUDAH

Division and its consequences (10:1-13:22)

The Chronicler records the division of the kingdom (10:1-11:4; see notes on 1 Kings 12:1-24), but omits the statement in 1 Kings 12:20 that Jeroboam was made king of the northern tribes. He does not even mention Jeroboam’s reign (1 Kings 12:25-20). He considers that because the northerners broke away from the dynasty of David and from the true worship of God, they had no right to be called a kingdom, and certainly not the kingdom of Israel.

Unlike the writer of Kings (who calls the southern kingdom Judah and the northern kingdom Israel), the writer of Chronicles calls the southern kingdom either Judah or Israel. For him Judah is the only true kingdom, and the Davidic kings are the only legitimate kings. Nevertheless, he still accepts people from the north as Israelites, and is pleased when any return to God and the Davidic rulers (see 11:13-17; 15:9; 30:1-12). He sometimes refers to the northern kingdom as Ephraim.

Priests and Levites are often prominent in the Chronicler’s account of Judah’s successes. Solomon’s son Rehoboam began his reign well, mainly through the influence of a large number of priests and Levites who fled to Judah from the north rather than join in Jeroboam’s idolatry. As long as Rehoboam followed the ways of God as taught by the priests, Judah was strong and stable. When he introduced Canaanite religious practices, God punished him by way of a damaging invasion from Egypt (11:5-12:16; see notes on 1 Kings 14:21-31).

Abijam (or Abijah) followed the religious policy of his father in allowing the worship of Baal to exist side by side with the worship of God, but he did not completely forsake God as Jeroboam did in the north. Abijam’s unexpected victory over Jeroboam in battle demonstrated that God was on the side of the king who belonged to David’s dynasty and who refused to join in the false religion of the north (13:1-22; see notes on 1 Kings 15:1-8).

Coffman's Commentaries on the Bible

REHOBOAM FOLLOWS THE ADVICE OF HIS HAREM ASSOCIATES

"So Jeroboam and all the people came to Rehoboam the third day, as the king bade, saying, Come to me again the third day. And the king answered them roughly; and king Rehoboam forsook the counsel of the old men, and spake to them after the counsel of the young men, saying, My father made your yoke heavy, but I will add thereto: my father chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions. So the king hearkened not unto the people; but it was brought about of God, that Jehovah might establish his word, which he spake by Abijah the Shilonite to Jeroboam the son of Nebat."

"My father chastised you with whips" This is a somewhat sour note in that sweet symphony of The Glory of Solomon. Furthermore, right here is the contradiction of the opinions of many that Solomon did not enslave any Israelites, but only the foreigners. If Solomon had been whipping only the descendants of the Canaanites, there is hardly any possibility that Jeroboam and the other Israelites would have been at all concerned about it.

(See my commentary on 1 Kings (pp. 151-158) for further comment on the events of this chapter.)

Smith's Bible Commentary

Shall we turn in our Bibles to II Chronicles, chapter 10.

The children of Israel have been brought out of Egypt by Moses. Through the leadership of Joshua they were brought into the land that God had promised to their fathers, Abraham and Jacob. For a period of time in the land they were ruled by judges. But there came a time when they began to demand that Samuel would anoint them or appoint them a king. As the other nations around them had kings, they also desired a king to rule over them.

Now, it was God's purpose that the nation Israel be a unique, special nation in the earth. That they would be a theocracy, a people who were governed by God. And you may say, "What is the highest form of human government?" It would be a theocracy, where people are governed by God. But the people were no longer satisfied with a theocracy. They wanted a king that could lead them into battle. A king that they could look to, that would lead the nation. And so they went from a theocracy to a monarchy, as Saul was anointed first king over Israel.

It was God's purpose that Saul as the king would be so yielded to God and would rule over the people in such a way as that he was just sort of a mediator between God and the people. In other words, he would be in tune with God in order to receive the directions and instructions from God and would so lead the nation in the ways of God. Just the intermediator or intermediary between God and the people.

However, Saul became lifted up with pride and he rejected the command of God. And in his rejection of God, that is, submitting himself totally and fully to God, God rejected, then, him as king. And the dynasty of Saul ceased with him. But God raised up another king after Saul, David. Took him from the sheepcote, from following after the sheep and set him on the throne over God's people. And David was a man after God's own heart, because David was after the heart of God. Though he was far from perfect, though he was guilty of terrible sins, yet because, basically, in his heart he was seeking after God and sought to do the will of God, God called David a man after His own heart and God promised David that from him there would be a ruler that would come that would rule forever. The eternal kingdom. That actually the Messiah would come out of David.

But as long as David's children would follow after the Lord, there would never cease one of the children of David sitting on the throne. Now that was a conditional covenant that God had made with David. It was conditioned upon David's children continuing to follow after the Lord. As long as they did, there would never cease to be one of David's descendants upon the throne. However, David's descendants failed to keep the covenant of God and after Zedekiah there were no more kings.

Now there is a fanciful story that is told how that Jeremiah fled to Egypt with one of the princes and later went to England and established the druid society and all. And that from this descendant of David, actually, comes Queen Elizabeth and all, that they are directly descendants. So the monarchy is in England and thus, England is a part of Israel and they have the British Israel kind of religion system. The Anglo Israel races and so forth being Israel, and so then they interpret all of the Bible prophecies that relate to Israel as being fulfilled by the United States, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, England, and so forth. But it's a fanciful story and it does lack truth, if not anything else.

So David, under his reign, the kingdom was blessed. Because David sought the Lord and God blessed David and God blessed the kingdom under David. And David desired to build a temple, a house for the Ark of the Covenant. For David was dwelling himself in a beautiful palace and the Ark of the Covenant was in a tent. And David was rejected by God as the builder of the temple because of the fact that he was a man of war and shed a lot of blood. But He said, "I will raise up a son after you who will sit upon the throne and he shall build a house." So David went about and prepared all of the materials. Gathered the gold, the silver, the iron, the brass, the timbers, the hewn stone. And then he drew up the plans. And then he abdicated the throne to his son Solomon, giving him the plans and encouraging him to go ahead and to build this house unto God.

So Solomon set himself at building, and for seven years with... Oh, what is in the first chapter of II Chronicles here, it tells us about a hundred and fifty thousand men who labored. They build this temple there in Jerusalem. The expenditure of millions of dollars. It is estimated that to replace the temple today that Solomon had built would run into the billions of dollars.

And it was a glorious day. The temple was completed. The day of dedication had come. And the glory of the Lord filled the temple as the cloud of God's glory descended upon it. And there Solomon, in a little brass platform that he had built out in the courtyard, addressed the people, telling them of the faithfulness of God. And then he knelt and prayed, recognizing that the heavens cannot contain God. "We haven't built this house, God, for You to live in. We've just built this house that we might offer unto Thee sacrifices here. Let Your eye always be on this place and Your ear always attentive to the prayers that are offered to You from this place."

And then he could foresee down the line the tragedy of the people turning away from God and the resultant effect that it would have upon their national life. The disasters that would overcome them as a nation. Natural disasters such as pestilences, such as weird weather conditions, drought conditions, or the disasters from being turned over in the hands of their enemies. Being defeated and their men being taken hostage. And he has brought up these various conditions that may result from the people's sin, always saying, "And Lord, if they turn to this place and they cry unto Thee, hear Thou from Thy holy place in heaven, answer their prayer and deliver them." And so God answered Solomon, "If my people which are called by my name will humble themselves, and pray, and seek my face, and turn from their wicked ways, then will I hear from heaven and I will forgive their sin and I will heal their land" ( 2 Chronicles 7:14 ).

And so there was this great sacrifice, thousands of animals sacrificed on the day of dedication, and this great celebration, and just that neat nation with the consciousness of God at the heart and center of the national life. How beautiful that is when God becomes the center of the national life.

But this doesn't last long. In fact, Solomon himself before he died began to worship other gods. He had disobeyed the voice of God. He had disobeyed the law of God. The law said, "When you have set up kings, they're not to go down to Egypt to purchase horses that they might multiply horses. Nor are they to multiply wives unto themselves lest their heart be turned away from Me" ( Deuteronomy 17:16 , Deuteronomy 17:17 ). God knows human nature better than any of us know it. God knows you better than you know yourself.

So many times God warns us of a particular thing. We say, "All right, God, that's nice. I appreciate that. Thank You for the warning, but I don't need it. I can handle it, Lord. I've got this thing wired and don't worry about me." Like with Peter when Jesus said, "All of you are going to be offended tonight because of Me." Peter said, "Lord, that's all right. They may all be offended but I won't ever be offended, Lord. Not me." Lord said, "Peter, before the cock crows you're going to deny Me three times." "Lord, if they would slay me I would never deny You." Oh, but Jesus knew him better than he knew himself. And that's always the case.

Many times we think, "Well, this particular verse doesn't apply to me. I'm a special case. I can do it and get by with it. I can handle it. I can see why God would say that to other people. But I'm special and I can handle myself. And thus, I don't need to obey this particular injunction."

God said, "And they are not to multiply wives unto themselves lest their heart be turned away from Me." Solomon multiplied wives unto himself, some seven hundred of them, plus the three hundred concubines. And what happened? His wives turned his heart away from the Lord.

So by the end of Solomon's reign, there began a deterioration. And this is just right after the hype, the zenith of the kingdom. Brought into this great position of strength and wealth through David. And then through the wisdom of Solomon in his early years, brought to this place of great glory and promise. But it lasted so short. There began that downward trend. So that at the death of Solomon, and here's where we get into chapter 10 tonight, his son Rehoboam began to reign over Jerusalem, and he reigned for seventeen years. And in that seventeen years, the kingdom went from this glorious height and deteriorated into just a second-rate nation and power.

The slide down is so rapid. And once it gets started it's hard to reverse. This is the thing that concerns me so much about our nation today. Once you start that downhill trend, it's so fast and it's so difficult to put on the brakes and to stop. And it would seem to me that our nation at the present time is plunging down into a second-rate status so rapidly. And I really don't know if it can be reversed or stopped. Once mighty, once glorious. A nation that was established under God. A nation that stood forth in the world as a Christian nation, but has become so totally corrupt, obscene, and has sought to just rule God out of our national life. I'm appalled by the rulings of the Supreme Court and the local courts in the issues that relate to freedom of worship, separation of church and state. It only works on one side. It doesn't work on both sides. And even by my saying this, I am jeopardizing myself because they have started a new system now. If ever you speak out against it, then soon you have all kinds of harassment.

But the kingdom went down rapidly under Rehoboam. In fact, the kingdom was divided right at the beginning of his reign. When Rehoboam was anointed king, the northern tribes of Israel came to him and they said, "During the time of your father's reign the taxes were increased over and over again until the tax burden that we are bearing is really greater than we can handle." Howard Jarvis got an initiative to cut the taxes, and he presented it to Rehoboam.

And so Rehoboam said, "Give me three days and I will give you an answer regarding this." They said, "Cut the taxes. We've got to have a tax cut." He said, "Give me three days to answer you." So he went to his counselors, the old men that counseled his father Solomon, and the old men said, "You know, these people have a just cause. The taxes are overbearing. We need to relieve them of this tax burden. It would be wise to go ahead and cut their taxes."

And then Rehoboam consulted with the younger guys that he was bringing in to reign with him in his kingdom. And these younger guys advised him, "Now look, if you cut the taxes, this is just the beginning of their complaints. Next week they're going to be back with something else and then back with something else, and back with something else. And you're just not going to be able to handle it."

The older fellows said, "Look, if you don't cut their taxes they're not going to serve you. They're going to rebel against you." But Rehoboam listened to his younger counselors and he forsook the counsel of the older men. And when the people came back after three days to get his answer, he said, "Hey, you think my dad was tough? You haven't seen anything yet. Where he whipped you with whips, I'm going to whip you with scorpions. And my little finger will be thicker than his thigh." And he gave these threats and the people said, "To your tents, O Israel, what have we to do with David?"

And so the ten northern kingdoms or ten northern tribes rebelled against Rehoboam. And they took this fellow Jeroboam and they said, "We want you to be king over us." And so Jeroboam became the king over the ten northern tribes. And Rehoboam was now just left with the tribe of Benjamin and the tribe of Judah, plus the tribe of Levi. Because Jeroboam in the north, the kingdom that was known now as Israel, established the calf worship in Israel and he began to just make priests out of anybody. And there came, really, a total religious confusion in the northern kingdom and the Levites left the northern kingdom and all of those people who really loved the Lord. They came on down and gave their allegiance unto Rehoboam in the kingdom of Judah.

Rehoboam sent a tax collector up to the ten northern tribes, and they killed him. And so Rehoboam gathered his army and he was going to march against the northern kingdom and the prophet of the Lord came and warned them not to fight against the northern kingdom. And so they returned and they sought to establish the kingdom under Rehoboam.

But it wasn't long after he had returned to Jerusalem, that he turned from God. Having fortified the kingdom, he then turned his heart against God. "

Dr. Constable's Expository Notes

1. The division of the nation ch. 10

This account is very similar to the one in 1 Kings 12. Solomon’s son Rehoboam did not act wisely and therefore lost his kingdom. The Chronicler added that a prophet had foretold this situation (2 Chronicles 10:15; cf. 2 Chronicles 11:1-4). The division of the kingdom looked like a tragedy, but it was part of God’s plan for His people. That would have given hope to the original readers since the captivity looked like a tragedy, but prophets had foretold it too. It was part of God’s sovereign will. Furthermore it was not the end of the nation (cf. Ezekiel 37:11-13).

"Jeroboam stands forever as a caution against the danger of becoming passionately angry about a rightly perceived evil, yet blinded by that passion to such an extent that all measures taken against it seem right. When this happens there is almost inevitably a failure, ironically, to distinguish between right and wrong." [Note: McConville, p. 155.]

Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible

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Henry's Complete Commentary on the Bible

      12 So Jeroboam and all the people came to Rehoboam on the third day, as the king bade, saying, Come again to me on the third day.   13 And the king answered them roughly; and king Rehoboam forsook the counsel of the old men,   14 And answered them after the advice of the young men, saying, My father made your yoke heavy, but I will add thereto: my father chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions.   15 So the king hearkened not unto the people: for the cause was of God, that the LORD might perform his word, which he spake by the hand of Ahijah the Shilonite to Jeroboam the son of Nebat.   16 And when all Israel saw that the king would not hearken unto them, the people answered the king, saying, What portion have we in David? and we have none inheritance in the son of Jesse: every man to your tents, O Israel: and now, David, see to thine own house. So all Israel went to their tents.   17 But as for the children of Israel that dwelt in the cities of Judah, Rehoboam reigned over them.   18 Then king Rehoboam sent Hadoram that was over the tribute; and the children of Israel stoned him with stones, that he died. But king Rehoboam made speed to get him up to his chariot, to flee to Jerusalem.   19 And Israel rebelled against the house of David unto this day.

      We may learn here, 1. That when public affairs are in a ferment violent proceedings do but make bad worse. Rough answers (such as Rehoboam here gave) do but stir up anger and bring oil to the flames. The pilot has need to steer steadily in a storm. Many have been driven to the mischief they did not intend by being too severely dealt with for what they did intend. 2. That, whatever the devices and designs of men are, God is, by all, doing his own work, and fulfilling the word which he has spoken, no iota or tittle of which shall fall to the ground. The cause of the king's obstinacy and thoughtlessness was of God, that he might perform the word which he spoke by Ahijah,2 Chronicles 10:15; 2 Chronicles 10:15. This does not at all excuse Rehoboam's folly, nor lessen the guilt of his haughtiness and passion, that God was pleased to serve his own ends by them. 3. That worldly wealth, honour, and dominion, are very uncertain things. Solomon reigned over all Israel, and, one would think, had done enough to secure the monarchy entire to his family for many ages; and yet he is scarcely cold in his grave before ten of the twelve tribes finally revolt from his son. All the good services he had done for Israel were now forgotten: What portion have we in David? Thus is the government of Christ cast off by many, notwithstanding all he has done to bind the children of men for ever to himself; they say, We will not have this man to reign over us. But this rebellion will certainly be their ruin. 4. That God often visits the iniquities of the fathers upon the children. Solomon forsakes God, and therefore not he, but his son after him, is forsaken by the greatest part of his people. Thus God, by making the penal consequences of sin to last long and visibly to continue after the sinner's death, would give an indication of its malignity, and perhaps some intimation of the perpetuity of its punishment. He that sins against God not only wrongs his soul, but perhaps wrongs his seed more than he thinks of. 5. That, when God is fulfilling his threatenings, he will take care of that, at the same time, promises do not fall to the ground. When Solomon's iniquity is remembered, and for it his son loses ten tribes, David's piety is not forgotten, nor the promise made to him; but for the sake of that his grandson had two tribes preserved to him. The failings of the saints shall not frustrate any promise made to Christ their Head. They shall be chastised, but the covenant not broken, Psalms 89:31-34.