Bible Commentaries
Revelation 22

The New Jerusalem

And there came one of the seven angels who had the seven bowls, who were laden with the seven last plagues; and he spake with me, saying, Come hither, I will show thee the bride, the wife of the Lamb. And he carried me away in the Spirit to a mountain great and high, and showed me the holy city Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, having the glory of God: her light was like unto a stone most precious, as it were a jasper stone, clear as crystal: having a wall great and high; having twelve gates, and at the gates twelve angels; and names written thereon, which are the names of the twelve tribes of the children of Israel: on the east were three gates; and on the north three gates; and on the south three gates; and on the west three gates. And the wall of the city had twelve foundations, and on them twelve names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb. And he that spake with me had for a measure a golden reed to measure the city, and the gates thereof, and the wall thereof. And the city lieth foursquare, and the length thereof is as great as the breadth: and he measured the city with the reed, twelve thousand furlongs: the length and the breadth and the height thereof are equal.

1. It is a literal city, the materials, dimensions, appearance, appointments, inhabitants, divine glory and indwelling, and eternity of which are all distinctly declared.

2. It descends from God out of heaven. It is that better country and heavenly for which Abraham and the patriarchs looked. It is that place prepared for God's saints. "He hath prepared for them a city" (Hebrews 11:16).

3. It will be peculiarly the home of the Church, the Lamb's wife (Ephesians 5:27-32); others will be there, and many will have access (Revelation 21:24-26); but the Church will be as the wife in the home.

4. It will be vast indeed: a cube of at least fifteen hundred miles each way (Revelation 21:16). Much, indeed all, of our conception of that city must be in the realm of faith-along with that of our father Abraham, who "looked for the city which hath the foundations, whose architect and maker is God."

5. It will be lighted directly by the presence and effulgence of God. This is thrice stated:

a. In Revelation 21:11, the city has "the glory of God" with a light (or luminary) in consequence "like unto a stone most precious, as it were a jasper stone clear as crystal";-this is its effulgence-its appearance from without.

b. Revelation 21:23 -"no need of sun, neither of the moon … for the glory of God did lighten it, and the lamp thereof is the Lamb." We are here within the city, walking "in the light of God," constantly conscious that Christ is the channel of all blessing to us. That the Lamb is the lamp is the secret and the source of the unspeakable blessedness of those who walk there! What a sense of redeemed ness; of being beloved even as Christ, and of fathomless depths of eternal security!

c. Revelation 22:5 -"night no more; and they need no light of lamp, neither light of sun; for the Lord God shall give them light: and they shall reign unto the ages of the ages." Note three elements here:

1. No more dependence on creature or mediate light.

2. The immediate light constantly from God, Himself.

3. Their "reigning" thus forever! That "reigning in life," which began when they first believed (Romans 5:17) is now at last consummated; and is eternally perpetuated.

And he measured the wall thereof, a hundred and forty and four cubits, according to the measure of a man, that is, of an angel. And the building of the wall thereof was jasper: and the city was pure gold, like unto pure glass. The foundations of the wall of the city were adorned with all manner of precious stones. The first foundation was jasper; the second, sapphire; the third, chalcedony; the fourth, emerald; the fifth, sardonyx; the sixth, sardius; the seventh, chysolite; the eighth, beryl; the ninth, topaz; the tenth, chrysoprase; the eleventh, jacinth; the twelfth, amethyst. And the twelve gates were twelve pearls; each one of the several gates was of one pearl: and the street of the city was pure gold, as it were transparent glass. And I saw no temple therein: for the Lord God the Almighty, and the Lamb, are the temple thereof. And the city hath no need of the sun, neither of the moon to shine upon it: for the glory of God did lighten it, and the lamp thereof is the Lamb. And the nations shall walk amidst the light thereof: and the kings of the earth bring their glory into it. And the gates thereof shall in no wise be shut by day (for there shall be no night there): and they shall bring the glory and the honor of the nations into it: and there shall in no wise enter into it anything unclean, or he that maketh an abomination and a lie: but only they that are written in the Lamb's book of life. And he showed me a river of water of life, bright as crystal, proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb, in the midst of the street thereof. And on this side of the river and on that was the tree of life, bearing twelve manner of fruits, yielding its fruit every month: and the leaves of the tree were for the healing of the nations. And there shall be no curse any more: and the throne of God and of the Lamb shall be therein: and his servants shall serve him: and they shall see his face; and his name shall be on their foreheads. And there shall be night no more; and they need no light of lamp, neither light of sun; for the Lord God shall give them light: and they shall reign for ever and ever.

6. It will be a new city-corresponding with a new heaven and a new earth. Many have taught that during the thousand years it will be suspended over the earth. Many hold also that Revelation 21:8 is the end of the progress of the Book; while 21:9 on through Revelation 22:5 turns us back to millennial times. They compare this passage with Revelation 17:18, which describes in greater detail the character and overthrow of Babylon the great, although that overthrow really occurred in the preceding Revelation 16:19.

Those who hold that Revelation 21:1-8 describes the eternal state while Revelation 21:9-27; Revelation 22:1-5 reverts to millennial times, because we read in Revelation 21:24-26 that "the nations shall walk amidst the light thereof" the kings of the earth bringing "the honor of the nations into it"-seem to overlook several important points:

a. In Revelation 21:3, where we read that the tabernacle of God is at last "with men," we also read that "they shall be his peoples" (Greek laoi). It is amazing to find discerning men apparently almost willfully translating the plural laoi, as if it were loos. Alford reads, "‘they shall be his people': plural, because as in Revelation 21:24, many nations shall now partake in the blessed fulfillment of the promise." But for this very reason he should have translated laoi, "peoples," faithfully, that is, literally: "peoples," not "people" Seiss, even in his "revised text," reads, "God shall tabernacle with the men, or mankind (?) and they shall be his people" etc. The Revised Version, which so many affect to despise, translates truly and plainly, "They shall be his peoples," and thus prepares us to avoid the impossible assumption that Revelation 21:9 to Revelation 22:5 is a passage that reverts to millennial scenes.

b. We know positively that at least one nation and one seed, ISRAEL, will belong upon the new earth. In Isaiah 66:22 we read, "As the new heavens and the new earth, which I will make, shall remain before me, saith Jehovah, so shall your seed and your name remain." This is eternity for national Israel, and no escaping it! Because Isaiah 65:17-18, which belongs to the new creation, has been confused with the millennial Revelation 21:20-25 men have rushed to the conclusion that all that Isaiah says concerning the new creation is millennial. But God says Israel's "seed and name" shall remain, in the new heavens and earth, that is, in that new order beginning in Revelation 21:1. But in this new order, we are distinctly told "death shall be no more," whereas, in Isaiah 65:20, "the child shall die a hundred years old."

Now, Israel is God's elect nation-elect not for the past, or even through the millennial age, but forever. Yet, if Israel be the elect nation, the existence of other nations is presupposed! You reply, "Were not nations the result of God's judgment at Babel?" They were, doubtless. But God, when He acts in grace, is evermore bringing good out of man's evil! When Adam sinned, Christ, as the Seed of the woman, was first announced. When Israel asked for a king, God, after Saul's rejection, brought in David, in whom He lodged the royal Messianic counsels for all time to come. When Israel crucified their Messiah-the highest act of sin-God brought forth "abundance of grace" through Him who "tasted death for every man."

At Pentecost, salvation was announced to every nation in its own tongue. Grace came to the nations without destroying or changing national existence, or even national individuality.

The prophet Zephaniah (Zephaniah 3:9) indeed tells us of a coming day, when, saith Jehovah, "I will turn to the peoples a pure language, that they may all call upon the name of Jehovah, to serve him with one consent." The word "language" here is in Hebrew lip, as it is in Genesis 11:1. But that national existence will not cease, is shown clearly by Zephaniah 3:20 of the same chapter: "At that time will I bring you (Israel) in, and at that time will I gather you; for I will make you a name and a praise among all the peoples (plural!) of the earth."

c. Finally, the language of the first 5 verses of chapter 22 of The Revelation, and especially of Revelation 21:4-5, is just as eternal in its character as anything at the beginning of chapter 21. "The throne of God and of the Lamb shall be therein: and his servants shall serve him; and they shall see his face; and his name shall be on their foreheads … and they shall reign unto the ages of the ages." Why should such statements be connected with a passage that is meant merely to go back and describe millennial conditions? That would be incongruous. Furthermore, it is not in keeping, we feel, for the Scripture to go back after the last judgment has been held, and the new creation has come in, to times before that last judgment and new creation!

7. The New Jerusalem is the capital city of God-the place of the divine presence and government of the universe. "The throne of God and of the Lamb shall be therein" (Revelation 22:3). No other or further throne than this is described in the Word of God. As we have seen, various phases and aspects of the divine majesty have heretofore been exhibited in Scripture. Now it is "forever and ever." Note that it is "the throne of God and of the Lamb." Christ, who delivered up the kingdom to God, yet shares that throne, as the One who redeemed these now blessed creatures unto God. The Redeemer abides in view of His people as the sacrifice and priest. In each view of the city, the Lamb is named. Seven times does the word occur in connection with the New Jerusalem (Revelation 21:9; Revelation 21:14; Revelation 21:22-23; Revelation 21:27; Revelation 22:1-3).

God's Eternal Plan Was to Be "With Men"

His "delight was with the sons of men" (Proverbs 8:31). Man was made in God's "image" and "likeness." Doubtless we will never know all that these terms mean! God was manifest in the flesh in Christ, the Son of man. Jesus, though crowned with glory and honor, remains man forever.

What the "delight" of God will be in this new earth "with men," and what their capacity for knowing God, and progressing in that blessed and only real knowledge, can be measured only by eternity, and the infinity of God Himself; which is to say, it is utterly without limit! Marvelous and yet reasonable fruit of "the redemption that is in "Christ Jesus," who "suffered for sins … that he might bring us to God." Note the words "with men," "with them," "with them"-three times in one verse (Revelation 21:3). Pause now, and consider this long and well.

It is astonishing, and yet should not be so, that there is no mention after Revelation 21:1-27, of those blessed beings previously seen as accompanying the throne of God: cherubim, seraphim, living ones, elders: it is now simply "the throne of God and of the Lamb." Not that those others are not there. They are, and are in ecstatic, eternal delight that God is revealed at last as they could not as mere creatures ever know him: as the blessed One who is LOVE. Those beings knew His eternity, His power, His holiness, and His Glory; and celebrated these attributes constantly-as in Revelation 4:8-11 and Isaiah 6:1-13. But now God's heart goes fully out. He has, through infinite sacrifice, "brought many sons unto glory," to be "conformed to the image of his Son, that he might be the firstborn among many brethren." Not only to these, the "church of the firstborn," but to the various peoples of this new earth, His love is now, without limit, extended; and will be extended forever and ever. And in this will all holy beings find endless joy.

"LOVE IS OF GOD." We can scarcely write here for awe and wonder! How should her Creator say to the Bride: "Thou hast ravished my heart, my sister, my bride; Thou hast ravished my heart with one look from thine eyes." "Turn away thine eyes from me, For they have overcome me."

Oh, how little do we know our God! How small is our widest thought of Him! Do we not see this great Bible He has given us going right forward against all obstacles, over all mountains, through all valleys, yea, to Gethsemane and Calvary-to come to this sweet, eternal consummation, that God may be WITH MEN, THEIR GOD? That He may wipe every tear from their eyes that He may banish into the far forgotten past, mourning, crying, and pain; and say, "Behold, I make all things new"? For GOD IS LOVE!

Let this thought overwhelm us as we turn to the closing chapters of The Revelation, that while God's lovingkindness is "over all his works," it is never said in Scripture that God LOVED any but man! John, who writes this closing book of God's blessed Word, cries, "We know and have believed the love which God hath in our case. God is love" (1 John 4:16). Let us, too, know it and believe it; and thus enter by faith this glorious new creation scene; bending low under this weight of glory, though yet we tread this earth. Let us know this love that passeth knowledge, and, breathing the fragrant air of the city of God, walk daily through its gates of pearl and walk by faith its golden streets, "giving thanks unto the Father, who made us meet to be partakers of the inheritance of the saints in light."

Note about This Heavenly Jerusalem:

I. It is a Literal City.

II. Its Object and Destiny.

III. Its Relation to the New Earth.

IV. The Blessedness of Its Dwellers.

We do well to return again and again to Revelation 21:1-27; Revelation 22:1-21, for it is the end of the pilgrim path. The more distinct the vision to the pilgrim of the beauty and glory of the city to which he journeys, the less the immediate environments of his journey attract him.

I. It is a Literal City

1. Because of the literalness of its description. If gold does not mean gold, nor pearls-pearls, nor precious stones-stones, nor exact measurements-real dimensions, then the Bible gives nothing accurate nor reliable. There is no one on earth who can assure your heart concerning the meaning of these "symbols"-if they are symbols! Nowhere in God's Word, for instance, is there any account of the "symbolism" of precious stones. Twelve such stones are found in the high priest's "four-square" breastplate (Exodus 28:15-21): sardius, topaz, carbuncle, emerald, sapphire, diamond, jacinth, agate, amethyst, beryl, onyx, jasper-"enclosed in gold in their settings. And the stones shall be according to the names of the children of Israel, twelve... like the engravings of a signet, every one according to his name, they shall be for the twelve tribes." No one doubts that these were literal stones, nor do we doubt that God has a special reason for assigning to each tribe a peculiar stone. Some time it may be revealed what these stones mean, and whether they have any connection with the foundations of the New Jerusalem; but to deny that they are literal stones in The Revelation, and to admit them as literal in Exodus, is not only absurd, but unbelieving. [There have been many interesting, though not always profitable, investigations and surmises concerning these precious stones. Perhaps the most instructive remark I have found is made by J. N. Darby (Synopsis, in loc): "The precious stones, or varied display of God's nature, who is light, in connection with the creature (seen in creation, Ezekiel 28:1-26; m grace in the high priest's breastplate) now shone in permanent glory, and adorned the foundations of the city."]

2. A second reason to consider the city a literal one, is, that child-like faith in reading the account always regards it as such. As the little girl asked her mother concerning the preacher who said that our Lord's words in John 14:1-31, "I will come again," did not mean that He would come back in person: "Mamma, if Jesus did not mean what He said, why didn't He say what He meant?"

3. Abraham and the patriarchs "looked for a city"- not a state of mind! The sublime faith of Abraham led him to leave a city in the most remarkable civilization known on earth, and become a stranger and pilgrim, caring only for a cave in which to bury his dead; "For he looked for the city which hath the foundations, whose architect and maker is God"! Abraham will be satisfied with nothing short of a place, such as he looked for. And God will not disappoint him!

4. In all other parts of the Bible, simple faith in God's statements is asked from man; why not then in Revelation 21:1-27, of all places, here at the end of God's book? "Wherefore do questionings arise in your heart?" the Lord asked, when He presented Himself in a risen body in the upper room. If reasonings and doubts of the reality and literal-ness of His body were excluded, then, when the human mind would naturally be astonished; how much less now can questionings and doubts be admitted as to the literalness of the marvelous city of Revelation 21:1-27, which is to be the eternal home of our Lord's risen body, and that of His saints in glorified bodies like unto His!

5. If the New Jerusalem is not to be taken literally, we can not claim that the millennial Jerusalem of Ezekiel 40:1-49; Ezekiel 41:1-26; Ezekiel 42:1-20; Ezekiel 43:1-27; Ezekiel 44:1-31; Ezekiel 45:1-25; Ezekiel 46:1-24; Ezekiel 47:1-23; Ezekiel 48:1-35 and Zechariah 14:1-21 can be literal. But to deny these is wholly to abandon faith in the accuracy of God's Word!

6. In this book of The Revelation, the former Jerusalem is literal (Revelation 11:8); and also Babylon the Great (Revelation 18:10). Indeed both Jerusalem (the "great city"), and Babylon, were the objects of the last fearful earthquake of Revelation 16:19. Just as the old earth which disappeared was literal, and the new earth which takes its place is literal and substantial, so also must the New Jerusalem be.

7. The unfolding of divine things in the Bible is precisely contrary to the idea that in order to have "spirituality," material things must be left behind.

God was revealed to the patriarchs' faith without a definite place of abode or habitation. Then, in the wilderness, the pillar of cloud and fire accompanied His visible dwelling-place, and both the tabernacle and the temple were so filled with His glorious presence, that, for the moment, the priests themselves, "could not stand to minister"! Also we are told that Jehovah chose Jerusalem and Mt. Zion therein, because He loved it (Psalms 87:2; Psalms 78:68; Psalms 132:13-14).

Then, so far from the progress of God's revealing Himself to man taking on more and more ethereality, the contrary is seen, for God "was manifested in the flesh" when Christ came! Immanuel is, God with us: i.e., God present here, in the Person of that babe of Bethlehem! This of course is what the Devil hates. "Many deceivers are gone forth into the world, even they that confess not that Jesus Christ cometh in the flesh. This is the deceiver and the antichrist" (2 John 1:7).

Even in the thousand years, the children of Israel are told: "Thine eyes shall see Jerusalem a quiet habitation … Jehovah will be with us in majesty … thine eyes shall see the king in his beauty; they shall behold a land of far distances." How beautiful these things to simple faith, and what a denial of the vagaries of those deluded souls who connect sin with matter as a necessity! The only logical "spiritualizers" that I know of are the Christian Scientists-which are neither Christian, nor scientific! The old Manichaean heresy governs millions who call themselves Christian, though it is a Satanic lie, and pagan, and utterly anti-Biblical. The Bible leads on to a literal and blessed home of the redeemed, possessed of bodies like Christ's body-real and holy, incorruptible, immortal!

8. It is therefore wicked and harmful to permit ourselves to drift into that weak apprehension of future realities expressed in many hymns, and much loose preaching and speaking of these days. What right have we to thoughts of "going to heaven," merely, concerning those who "fall asleep"? God says they have departed to "be with Christ" (Philippians 1:23), or "to be at home with the Lord" (2 Corinthians 5:8) [Paul says in 2 Corinthians 5:4, that the Christian's hope is not to be unclothed, that is, disembodied, but "clothed upon, that what is mortal" (mortal and immortal always being spoken of the body) "may be swallowed up of life." He is simply willing rather to be absent from the body, and to be at home with the Lord (R.V.). It might, indeed did, become Paul's lot. But it is not the proper Christian hope, which is the redemption of the body at Christ's coming.]

It is sad to find, from a devoted pen like Cowper's:

"Then in a nobler, sweeter song

I'll sing they power to save.

When this poor lisping stam'ring tongue

Lies silent in the grave!"

How much better to sing:

"When this poor lisping stam'ring tongue Hath triumphed o'er the grave!"

But it is even more distressful to hear real Christians using blinded, demoralized, worldly expressions concerning a believer's falling asleep: such as "he passed on," "he is gone into the unknown," etc.

Now while we may not be certain that the New Jerusalem is yet opened to the saints (for that event, perhaps, is reserved for Christ's second coming, and for His saints in redeemed bodies), yet surely we should have that City constantly before us as a reality; and remember that those that have gone to be with Christ are simply swelling the great expectant throng, whose eager hope looks forward to that blessed day of glory and joy when they shall enter in through the gates into that ineffably blessed City!

Meanwhile, the saints are "with Christ." Paul, in 2 Corinthians 12:1-21, "was caught up into Paradise (to the third heaven) and heard unspeakable words, which it is not lawful for a man to utter."

Evidently he was given to taste the infinite joy of what is coming.

What a company is gathering yonder!

Some believe that the marriage of the Lamb will mark the Bride's entrance into that city.

At all events, remember that it is a literal city to which you are going. There cannot be anything else meant![ Alford well remarks: "As in our common discourse, so here with the evangelist, the name of the material city stands for the community formed by its inhabitants. But it does not follow, in his case, any more than in ours, that both material city and inhabitants have not a veritable existence. Nor can we say that this glorious description applies only to them" (and not to the literal city).]

II. Its Object and Destiny

It is the eternal dwelling place, "habitation," of God-Father, Son and Holy Spirit. Although only "God and the Lamb" are named, yet we know from the Scriptures, and from this very book of Revelation, that the blessed Spirit administers eternally that glorious state of which the Father is the Author and the Son the Source.

In other parts of Scripture, as we have noted before, various aspects of God's throne are displayed: in connection sometimes with the expression of His character, or being, as the Holy One; sometimes with the execution of His government; sometimes with the form of His perpetual worship-as in the progressive perpetual tenses of Revelation 4:9-10.

But God's home is never spoken of until the New Jerusalem comes on the scene. Heretofore, it had been written: "Heaven is my throne, and the earth is my footstool" (Isaiah 66:1). To Israel in the wilderness, through Moses, Jehovah had indeed said, "Let them make me a sanctuary, that I may dwell among them," and it was done. Yet he dwelt in thick darkness, and judgments had to be executed from time to time upon that unbelieving and willful generation: so that finally, as we read in Ezekiel 8:6 (and in all the prophets) they drove Him away from His sanctuary-as they did afterwards His Son when He sent Him to them.

But now all is over. Redemption has been accomplished-the thing dearest to God's heart-that which for all eternity reveals Him as Infinite. God is love, and yet absolutely righteous; the Lamb slain and now risen and abiding in that city, becomes throughout the new creation, the eternal proof and utterance of all God is!

It will also be the capital city of the new creation, for we read, "the throne of God and of the Lamb shall be therein." Nor is any other center of the divine manifestation and government hinted at in this closing book of the things that are revealed. We are indeed told three times in The Revelation, that the New Jerusalem "cometh down out of heaven from my God" (3:12; 21:2, 10). But this describes its double character from God-divine in its origin, and also heavenly. "It might have been of God and earthly; or heavenly and angelic. It was neither: It was divine in origin, and heavenly in nature and character." (Darby.) This perhaps is the full meaning of the words: "from God."

On the other hand, there remains this question: Is there to be a manifestation of the glory of God, and a seat of His government belonging to heaven, while this New Jerusalem, located upon the new earth, governs only the affairs of the new earth?

Several considerations lead us toward the conclusion that the New Jerusalem is God's one eternal resting place.

1. Immediately we see the new heaven and new earth and the New Jerusalem descending to the new earth (Revelation 21:1-2), we are told, "Behold, the tabernacle of God is with men"-the former heaven and earth having disappeared. The object of the new heaven and earth is to bring about this-that God shall eternally have His home in this capital city of the new creation!

2. No other eternal habitation of God is seen than this of the New Creation's capital! Always before, God was in heaven and man upon earth. Now that this city has come down, created by God for His dwelling, we cannot conceive of His real presence and worship being elsewhere!

3. This heavenly city has the glory of God (Revelation 21:11; Revelation 21:23; Revelation 22:5). It is the home of Him who "dwelleth in light unapproachable." It is not that this city has glory given to it; it has God's glory: for He is there! The glory is the effulgence of His Being!

4. It also has the throne of God, and that "service" of Revelation 22:3, properly called priestly service, or spiritual worship-(latreia: Hebrews 9:1; Romans 12:1; Philip plans 3:3; Revelation 7:15).

5. "They shall see his face" Here at last God, who is Love, reveals Himself to the saints of that blessed city directly. There is no temple, no form, no distance. This, therefore, must be the place of God's rest forever!

6. We need only to remember that the dwellers in the New Jerusalem "shall reign unto the ages of the ages" (Revelation 22:5). This could not be written of others than the inhabitants of the capital of the new creation!

III. Its Relation to the New Earth

In the thousand years' reign of Christ and His saints upon the old earth (Revelation 20:46), Christ and His heavenly saints formed a "camp" above the old Jerusalem (Revelation 20:9), and Gog and Magog, the hosts of earth, were led by Satan into its final rebellion against the reign of Christ and His glorified saints in the "camp" above Jerusalem, and the earthly Jerusalem itself, "the beloved city." It seems wrong to assume that the New Jerusalem has come down so that the nations "walk amidst the light thereof," as in the new earth (Revelation 21:24). For, although Christ and His glorified saints will have taken over the control of affairs, such as angels now exercise (Hebrews 2:5-8 R. V. margin), yet it is to the earthly Jerusalem and the nation of Israel that God will directly subject the nations of the earth in the Millennium (Isaiah 60:1-22; Isaiah 61:4-9; but especially Isaiah 4:5-6). This is the glory of Jehovah revealed upon the earthly Jerusalem, and to it, during the Millennium. The effect of this unveiling of the divine glory in the thousand years is seen in Micah (Micah 7:16-17): "The nations shall see and be ashamed of all their might… They shall lick the dust like a serpent; like crawling things of the earth they shall come trembling out of their close places; they shall come with fear unto Jehovah our God, and shall be afraid because of thee." Psalms 72:9 declares: "His enemies shall lick the dust"! "Kings, kings, kings," are men mentioned in the next two verses; while kings will lick the dust of Israel's feet, according to Isaiah 49:23. It is a day of iron-rod rule; of compelled subjection. The very atmosphere is different from that of Revelation 21:1-27; when, down to the new earth, wherein righteousness is at home-(2 Peter 3:13 Greek) this New Jerusalem will come from God to be planted upon her eternal foundations, and to become the glad center of attraction unto the kings and nations of those happy days. [It has been well remarked by Govett: "That the eternal standing of the city is in question, I gather from Revelation 22:3 : ‘There shall be no more curse.' Now at the close of the Millennium comes the most fearful sin, and wrath of God, with the second death. Again, entrance into the heavenly city would not be possible during the Millennium; for then the city is only suspended over the earth. It does not come down upon it. To meet this difficulty, the holders of the opposite view translate Revelation 21:24-26, ‘bring their glory unto it,' not into it. But this translation is unfounded, for, whenever a verb of motion capable of signifying penetration, or entrance into, a penetrable subject, such as a river, house, etc., is followed by the preposition eis, ‘into'-there entrance is affirmed."]

It has impressed me more and more that the New Jerusalem will not be in sight of the old earth during the Millennium, which will be a highly judicial time-a time of military rule, the holding of a position already conquered. At the Millennium's beginning, peace and prosperity on earth will be conditioned on complete subjection. Consequently the heavenly saints constitute a "camp," evidently above the earthly Jerusalem. Upon that earthly city and upon redeemed Israel, the glory of God will be seen, Israel's twelve tribes being "judged" by the twelve apostles (Luke 22:28-30) including Matthias (Acts 1:21-26).

When the thousand years, and the last judgment are over, and the new heaven and the new earth have succeeded the old, then, and not until then, does the New Jerusalem come down to the new earth.

IV. The Blessedness of Its Dwellers

Of the blessedness of those who dwell in that eternal city of infinite beauty and delight, who shall speak! It is enough to repeat: "They shall see His face; and His name shall be on their foreheads."

Of even the inhabitants of the new earth, though not of the new city, it is written: "The tabernacle of God is with men, and he shall dwell with them, they shall be His peoples, and God himself shall be with them … their God: and he shall wipe away every tear from their eyes; and death shall be no more; neither shall there be mourning, nor crying, nor pain, anymore: the first things are passed away."

But to see His face, and to be so wholly His in likeness that His Name shall be on our foreheads-what a destiny! It is even more eagerly to be anticipated, than the reigning eternally!

"The Jerusalem That Is Above"

Jerusalem the golden,

With milk and honey blest,

Beneath thy contemplation

Sink heart and voice opprest:

I know not, O I know not

What social joys are there;

What radiancy of glory,

What light beyond compare!

For thee, O dear dear country,

Mine eyes their vigils keep;

For very love, beholding

Thy happy name, they weep:

The mention of thy glory

Is unction to the breast,

And medicine in sickness,

And love, and life, and rest.

O one, O only mansion!

O Paradise of joy,

When tears are ever banished,

And smiles have no alloy!

The cross is all thy splendor,

The Crucified thy praise;

His laud and benediction

Thy ransomed people raise.

O sweet and blessed country,

The home of God's elect!

O sweet and blessed country

That eager hearts expect!

Jesus, in mercy bring us

To that dear land of rest,

Who art, with God the Father

And Spirit, ever blest.

Bernard of Cluny-12th century.

Lo! what a glorious sight appears

To our admiring eyes!

The former seas have passed away,

The former earth and skies.

The God of glory down to men

Removes His blest abode;

He dwells with men; His people they,

And He His people's God!

Isaac Watts-1674-1748.

Jerusalem, my happy home,

Name ever dear to me,

When shall my labours have an end

In joy and peace, and thee?

When shall these eyes thy heaven-built walls

And pearly gates behold,

Thy bulwarks with salvation, strong,

And streets of shining gold!

Joseph Bromehead-1748-1826.

For ever with the Lord!

Amen, so let it be:

Life from the dead is in that word;

‘Tis immortality.

Here in the body pent,

Absent from Him I roam,

Yet nightly pitch my moving tent

A day's march nearer home.

My Father's house on high,

Home of my soul, how near!

At times, to faith's foreseeing eye,

Thy gates of pearl appear!

Ah! then my spirit faints

To reach the land I love,

The bright inheritance of saints,

Jerusalem above!

James Montgomery-1771-1854.

Verses 6-7

Closing Messages

We are now come to the closing words of this great book of prophecy, The Revelation; and, inasmuch as God ordered the arrangement of the books, they are also the closing words of the Bible.

We shall find exactly what we would expect to find: (1) The Lord giving His seal to the inspiration, authority, and absolute verbal accuracy of all things written in this book. (2) A solemn warning, therefore, against tampering in any way with its contents, either by addition or subtraction. (3) The bringing to the front finally, as was done in the closing books of the Old Testament (Zechariah 14:1-21; Malachi 3:1-18; Malachi 4:1-6), of that great event which is the chief subject of prophecy-the Lord’s own personal return to earth.

And he said unto me, These words are faithful and true: and the Lord, the God of the spirits of the prophets, sent his angel to show unto his servants the things which must shortly come to pass. And behold, I come quickly. Blessed is he that keepeth the words of the prophecy of this book.

The speaker here is Christ Himself (Compare Revelation 22:10, Revelation 22:16, Revelation 22:18, and Revelation 22:20). In whatever manner the revealing angel is used to convey the utterances (as in Revelation 19:9-10, etc.), the author is the Lord, as is evident in the words "I come quickly"-thrice repeated in this passage-( Revelation 22:7, Revelation 22:12, Revelation 22:20). Furthermore, the words "sent his angel" is not "has sent," as a reporting angel would speak accrediting himself, but the historical tense as of the sender, Christ, Himself accrediting the agent.

Perhaps no book of the Bible has been more neglected, despised, added to and subtracted from, than this same book of The Revelation. Therefore, both the faithfulness and truth of the Author are again and again announced, whether by saints (15:3), or heavenly beings (16:7) or by angels (19:9; 22:9). But, also, in an even more emphatic way, the very words of this great book are over and over sealed as "faithful and true": by God (21:5), by the Holy Spirit (1:10, ff) and here in the closing chapter no less than five times by our Lord Jesus Christ Himself (Revelation 22:7, Revelation 22:10, Revelation 22:16, Revelation 22:18, Revelation 22:20).

We naturally and necessarily connect the close of this great book with its beginning (22:6 and 1:1): "the things which must shortly come to pass." Also, we are bowed with awe at the title and actions of Deity in our blessed Lord. For in 1:1 it is Christ who "sent and signified by His angel"; in 22:6 it is "The Lord, the God of the spirits of the prophets sent his angel"; and He sets a final seal: "I Jesus have sent mine angel to testify unto you these things for the churches" (Revelation 22:16). Therefore, the Lord Jesus, the Eternal Word, was the direct Inspirer of the prophets! As He says also in Revelation 22:13, "I am the Alpha and the Omega, the first and the last, the beginning and the end," whereas in Revelation 1:8 we read, "I am the Alpha and the Omega, saith the Lord God, who is and who was and who is to come, the Almighty." In this verse, as we have elsewhere noted, is gathered up all the revelations of God in the Old Testament: Adonai, Elohim, Jehovah, the Almighty. And "without robbery," nay with the calm of Deity, our Lord declares Himself to be all these, in this final chapter of the Bible! Blessed is the man who in his heart of hearts, like Thomas, cries: "My Lord and my God!"

Note now the first of the three phrases-"I come quickly" of this final chapter. How absolutely all things have been committed unto our Lord by the Father, and with what quiet assurance He announces His own personal coming as the climax of the thousand pages of the Old Testament and the three hundred pages of the New. We are overwhelmed as we behold! Ah, what blindness is theirs who know not the second coming of Christ-those to whom it means nothing. To God and Heaven it means everything!

The word is startling: "Behold!" It occurs about two hundred times in the Greek Testament, and always announces what is striking and surprising (Matthew 1:20-23; Matthew 3:16; Matthew 21:5). [The best help in the study of the Bible is the "Englishman’s Greek Concordance," one volume (of the New Testament); and the "Englishman’s Hebrew and Chaldee Concordance," two volumes (of the Old Testament), published by S. Bagster & Sons, London. These volumes, although now somewhat expensive, are indispensable to one determined to find the real meaning of Scripture. EACH ORIGINAL WORD WITH ALL ITS OCCURRENCES may be seen at a glance with a full line from each verse quoted.]

Beginning at Revelation 1:7, "Behold" (idou) occurs in the Apocalypse 30 times, and at least seven of these are in calling attention to our Lord’s coming, or in preparation therefore.

"Quickly." To the Lord, one day is as a thousand years. Therefore, to Him, His absence has not yet been two days long! We must learn to look at time as our Lord does; and in proportion as we surrender to His complete Lordship, we will be enabled to do this, and His coming will be to us an imminent thing. We will be saying with Paul, "We that are alive, that are left unto the coming of the Lord." "Quickly" (tachu) occurs seven times in The Revelation, and all but once (11:14) refers to Christ’s actions. It means the next thing on the program. We cannot believe that those who would have the Church looking for the Antichrist and the Tribulation rather than for Christ Himself, are fulfilling His command to watch-the command given to ALL (Mark 13:37).

We do not need to remark, of course, that the vain promises, however honestly made by the great ones of the earth, whether in Russia, Italy, Germany or America, can in any wise modify God’s specific word in 1 Corinthians 2:6: "The rulers of this age — are coming to nought." We are down in the end-time, the feet of the great image of Daniel 2:1-49. We are looking for the Lord from heaven to catch us up in the clouds, and, after the Great Tribulation, to descend with all of the heavenly hosts; and like the stone cut without (human) hands from the mountain, to strike and utterly destroy Gentile world-power. "Behold, I come quickly" is the Christian’s watch-word; let the "slogans" of the uprising world-movements be what they may.

Now we note in Revelation 22:7 a blessing pronounced upon him that "keepeth the words of the prophecy of this book." The word "book" signifies The Revelation, and is used seven times in this last section (Revelation 22:7-10, Revelation 22:18 [twice], and Revelation 22:19 [twice]). All readily admit that The Revelation is a book; also that it is a book of prophecy. But alas, how few keep (meaning, "to guard as a treasure") the words! "To tamper with the words of the prophecy of the book is to bring oneself under the divine lash" (Revelation 22:18-19), just as to treasure them brings a special divine blessing for you.

Verses 6-21

Closing Messages

We are now come to the closing words of this great book of prophecy, The Revelation; and, inasmuch as God ordered the arrangement of the books, they are also the closing words of the Bible.

We shall find exactly what we would expect to find: (1) The Lord giving His seal to the inspiration, authority, and absolute verbal accuracy of all things written in this book. (2) A solemn warning, therefore, against tampering in any way with its contents, either by addition or subtraction. (3) The bringing to the front finally, as was done in the closing books of the Old Testament (Zechariah 14:1-21; Malachi 3:1-18; Malachi 4:1-6), of that great event which is the chief subject of prophecy-the Lord's own personal return to earth.

And he said unto me, These words are faithful and true: and the Lord, the God of the spirits of the prophets, sent his angel to show unto his servants the things which must shortly come to pass. And behold, I come quickly. Blessed is he that keepeth the words of the prophecy of this book.

The speaker here is Christ Himself (Compare Revelation 22:10, Revelation 22:16, Revelation 22:18, and Revelation 22:20). In whatever manner the revealing angel is used to convey the utterances (as in Revelation 19:9-10, etc.), the author is the Lord, as is evident in the words "I come quickly"-thrice repeated in this passage-( Revelation 22:7, Revelation 22:12, Revelation 22:20). Furthermore, the words "sent his angel" is not "has sent," as a reporting angel would speak accrediting himself, but the historical tense as of the sender, Christ, Himself accrediting the agent.

Perhaps no book of the Bible has been more neglected, despised, added to and subtracted from, than this same book of The Revelation. Therefore, both the faithfulness and truth of the Author are again and again announced, whether by saints (15:3), or heavenly beings (16:7) or by angels (19:9; 22:9). But, also, in an even more emphatic way, the very words of this great book are over and over sealed as "faithful and true": by God (21:5), by the Holy Spirit (1:10, ff) and here in the closing chapter no less than five times by our Lord Jesus Christ Himself (Revelation 22:7, Revelation 22:10, Revelation 22:16, Revelation 22:18, Revelation 22:20).

We naturally and necessarily connect the close of this great book with its beginning (22:6 and 1:1): "the things which must shortly come to pass." Also, we are bowed with awe at the title and actions of Deity in our blessed Lord. For in 1:1 it is Christ who "sent and signified by His angel"; in 22:6 it is "The Lord, the God of the spirits of the prophets sent his angel"; and He sets a final seal: "I Jesus have sent mine angel to testify unto you these things for the churches" (Revelation 22:16). Therefore, the Lord Jesus, the Eternal Word, was the direct Inspirer of the prophets! As He says also in Revelation 22:13, "I am the Alpha and the Omega, the first and the last, the beginning and the end," whereas in Revelation 1:8 we read, "I am the Alpha and the Omega, saith the Lord God, who is and who was and who is to come, the Almighty." In this verse, as we have elsewhere noted, is gathered up all the revelations of God in the Old Testament: Adonai, Elohim, Jehovah, the Almighty. And "without robbery," nay with the calm of Deity, our Lord declares Himself to be all these, in this final chapter of the Bible! Blessed is the man who in his heart of hearts, like Thomas, cries: "My Lord and my God!"

Note now the first of the three phrases-"I come quickly" of this final chapter. How absolutely all things have been committed unto our Lord by the Father, and with what quiet assurance He announces His own personal coming as the climax of the thousand pages of the Old Testament and the three hundred pages of the New. We are overwhelmed as we behold! Ah, what blindness is theirs who know not the second coming of Christ-those to whom it means nothing. To God and Heaven it means everything!

The word is startling: "Behold!" It occurs about two hundred times in the Greek Testament, and always announces what is striking and surprising (Matthew 1:20-23; Matthew 3:16; Matthew 21:5). [The best help in the study of the Bible is the "Englishman's Greek Concordance," one volume (of the New Testament); and the "Englishman's Hebrew and Chaldee Concordance," two volumes (of the Old Testament), published by S. Bagster & Sons, London. These volumes, although now somewhat expensive, are indispensable to one determined to find the real meaning of Scripture. EACH ORIGINAL WORD WITH ALL ITS OCCURRENCES may be seen at a glance with a full line from each verse quoted.]

Beginning at Revelation 1:7, "Behold" (idou) occurs in the Apocalypse 30 times, and at least seven of these are in calling attention to our Lord's coming, or in preparation therefore.

"Quickly." To the Lord, one day is as a thousand years. Therefore, to Him, His absence has not yet been two days long! We must learn to look at time as our Lord does; and in proportion as we surrender to His complete Lordship, we will be enabled to do this, and His coming will be to us an imminent thing. We will be saying with Paul, "We that are alive, that are left unto the coming of the Lord." "Quickly" (tachu) occurs seven times in The Revelation, and all but once (11:14) refers to Christ's actions. It means the next thing on the program. We cannot believe that those who would have the Church looking for the Antichrist and the Tribulation rather than for Christ Himself, are fulfilling His command to watch-the command given to ALL (Mark 13:37).

We do not need to remark, of course, that the vain promises, however honestly made by the great ones of the earth, whether in Russia, Italy, Germany or America, can in any wise modify God's specific word in 1 Corinthians 2:6 : "The rulers of this age … are coming to nought." We are down in the end-time, the feet of the great image of Daniel 2:1-49. We are looking for the Lord from heaven to catch us up in the clouds, and, after the Great Tribulation, to descend with all of the heavenly hosts; and like the stone cut without (human) hands from the mountain, to strike and utterly destroy Gentile world-power. "Behold, I come quickly" is the Christian's watch-word; let the "slogans" of the uprising world-movements be what they may.

Now we note in Revelation 22:7 a blessing pronounced upon him that "keepeth the words of the prophecy of this book." The word "book" signifies The Revelation, and is used seven times in this last section (Revelation 22:7-10, Revelation 22:18 [twice], and Revelation 22:19 [twice]). All readily admit that The Revelation is a book; also that it is a book of prophecy. But alas, how few keep (meaning, "to guard as a treasure") the words! "To tamper with the words of the prophecy of the book is to bring oneself under the divine lash" (Revelation 22:18-19), just as to treasure them brings a special divine blessing for you.

And I, John am he that heard and saw these things. And when I heard and saw, I fell down to worship before the feet of the angel that showed me these things. And he saith unto me, See thou do it not: I am a fellow-servant with thee and with thy brethren the prophets, and with them that keep the words of this book: worship God.

For the second time (19:9, 10) John is overwhelmed. It is, we feel, in view of all that has preceded, and especially of the blessed announcement of the near coming of his Lord that the Seer, overwhelmed, falls down to worship the revealing angel. Alas, our poor hearts turn perpetually to adore something short of God-the creature rather than the Creator.

The fidelity and humility of the angel abase and shame us. Though higher than man, he is a "fellow-servant" (sundoulos)-a word that wholly excludes independence, in which man glories. Note also how the angel remembers "the prophets," those faithful servants of God, and also that the angels themselves are "keepers of the words" of this book of The Revelation. Doubtless Michael and his angels derive their very courage for the terrific conflict of chapter 12 from the revelation of certain victory given through John the beloved. How wonderful are the ways of God! Let us lay close to our hearts the angel's words: "Worship God." These words will search us out. Unless we are walking with God, other gods are holding our affections. The very glory of divine revelations may tend to turn our weak hearts away from adoration of the divine Person, Himself (Compare Paul in 2 Corinthians 12:7).

And he saith unto me, Seal not up the words of the prophecy of this book; for the time is at hand. He that is unrighteous, let him do unrighteousness still (or yet further); and he that is filthy, let him be made filthy still: and he that is righteous, let him do righteousness still; and he that is holy let him be made holy still. Behold, I come quickly; and my reward is with me, to render to each man according as his work is. I am the Alpha and the Omega, the first and the last, the beginning and the end. Blessed are they that wash their robes, that they may have the right to the tree of life, and may enter in by the gates into the city. Without are the dogs, and the sorcerers, and the fornicators, and the murderers, and the idolaters, and every one that loveth and maketh a lie.

We have here: (1) The Revelation is an unsealed, open book. (2) The fact that its clear and awful revelations will not change those who choose wickedness is not to hinder its teaching; it will bless the godly. (3) The second announcement of "I come quickly." (4) The second (and overwhelming) imprimatur of the Author of this book. (5) The blessedness of those that "washed their robes" in the blood of the Lamb (see 7:14), thus having the right to the tree and to the city. [The reading "do his commandments" is now generally agreed to be a false reading, and it would constitute a false ground of any divine favor, which is based on the work of Christ.] (6) The six great classes of those eternally excluded from the city (compare the eight classes cast into the lake of fire in Revelation 21:8).

1. Briefly, let us examine-The Revelation unsealed. Daniel was told to seal up his prophecy: "O Daniel, shut up the words, and seal the book, even to the time of the end: for the words are shut up and sealed till the time of the end" (Daniel 12:4; Daniel 12:9). But inasmuch as we are now in "the last time," "the last hour" (1 Peter 1:5; 1 John 2:18) and "the ends of the ages" have come upon us (1 Corinthians 10:11), God gave this book of The Revelation to our Lord Jesus Christ for us, as John has told us in Revelation 1:1-2. This very reason of the nearness, the next-ness, the at-hand-ness, of its time is given by our Lord for letting this mighty book remain unsealed-that is, open to all who will believe it and are willing to search the Old Testament Scriptures-"the Scriptures of the prophets"-to gain the understanding of its scenes and language. What a rebuke to the negligence, the neglect, the sneering, ignorant arrogance, shown by most of Christendom toward The Revelation! Our Lord Jesus may declare it an open, unsealed, understandable book; men say it is filled with "unintelligible language" and "mystic symbols." Christ says: "Blessed is he that readeth"; men say: "Let it alone, you cannot understand it." Some day all these will give an account of their insolent, insulting attitude toward this holy, open book of plain prophecy, given by God to Christ for us, and distinctly left unsealed. And "the time is at hand" with which its mighty language deals! This word "at hand" (Greek eggus) is used thirty times in the New Testament. It is illustrated in Matthew 24:32-33 (translated "nigh," "near"). Paul, looking for Christ, uses it in Philippians 4:5 "The Lord is at hand."

2. Revelation 22:11 is generally regarded as a mere sentence of finality on the state in which any soul is discovered at the Lord's coming. But if we look carefully at its connection with the preceding verse, it would seem to be suggested by the words "Seal not up the words of the prophecy of this book." The terms "do righteousness still" and "be made filthy still" seem to have the same significance of a life-choice, which you find in Romans 2:12 -"as many as sinned." The tense is the aorist, not the perfect; and indicates the choice of the man's life, his whole life, viewed as a whole, so that we find in Revelation 22:11 those who have made the final choice of unrighteousness and are living in it. The word "unjust" (R. V. "unrighteous") is made into a verb: "Let him keep-on-doing-unrighteousness" (for he has chosen it). Likewise, the one who has chosen righteousness, "let him keep on practicing (poieo) righteousness." Paul, indeed, plainly declares: "We (indwelt by Christ) are a sweet savor (fragrance) of Christ unto God, in them that are being saved, and in them that are perishing; to the one a savor (fragrance) from death unto (deeper) death; to the other, a savor (fragrance) from life unto life" (unto higher life). The fact is, that The Revelation of Christ and His Gospel damns rejecters the more deeply (John 15:22-24). Just so the unfolding of the terrible visitations, plagues and judgments of the book of Revelation moves most men to deeper rejection and hatred of God's truth. Witness the growing denial of eternal punishment in literal fire and brimstone, so undeniably asserted in The Revelation, but so desperately rejected by "modern" thought.

3. Our Lord connects the second, "Behold, I come quickly (Revelation 22:12) with that individual reward He retains in His own hand to bestow personally: "My reward is with me" No saint of either Old or New Testament has been rewarded finally yet. And the Lord will not commit even to Michael or Gabriel the giving of the reward for the least service rendered to Him! Precious thought! Be "always abounding in the work of the Lord, forasmuch as ye know that your labor is not vain in the Lord."

4. We have already noticed the first voice of Deity in Revelation 22:6 and have called attention also to the second in Revelation 22:13 : "I am the Alpha and the Omega, the first and the last, the beginning and the end."

The fact of the absolute deity of our Lord Jesus Christ could not be more strongly affirmed. Everything stands or falls with this doctrine. Christ is "God before and after all; and filling duration."

5. In the simple words pronouncing "blessed" those who avail themselves, through faith, of the infinite, cleansing power of the blood of Christ, how much is wrapped up! Notice, it is not the declaration of the Judge in justifying the ungodly who believe, that is in question here (that is Romans); but it is the cleansing effect of the shed blood of Christ, fitting the believer's person to come to the tree of life and to enter the very home of God, the New Jerusalem. Faith, true faith, involves not only a righteous standing, but the removal of all defilement from the person of the believer: both justification and cleansing. Christ said: "Already ye are clean because of the word which I have spoken unto you"; or, as Paul writes in Colossians 1:12 : "Giving thanks unto the Father, who made us meet to be partakers of the inheritance of the saints in light." To the weakest and humblest believer both of these things belong. The right (exousia) to the tree of life and to the city thus forever and ever rests on faith in the blood of Christ. How simple, yet how glorious!

6. Now as to those excluded: "the dogs"-unclean (as Isaiah 66:3; Matthew 7:6); cruel (Psalms 22:16; Psalms 22:20; Jeremiah 15:3); utterly profane (Deuteronomy 23:18); sin-loving (2 Peter 2:22); to be guarded against by saints (Philippians 3:2); "the sorcerers"-direct dealers with the Devil and demons; "the fornicators"-those who have chosen this uncleanness; "the murderers"-those who chose hatred-violence and slaughter-(so far, sins against man). Now "the idolators"-those serving and worshipping the creature, thus hiding away from the Creator; "and everyone that loveth and practiceth (poieo) a lie"-those shutting out the truth of God, who hide in the darkness that they may love and do falsehood: who refuse to be made sincere before God.

What a list! Here, it is exclusion from the city where the blessedness will be. In 21:8, it was their judicial consignment to the lake of fire as banished from God, whose "tabernacle" was now "with men."

I Jesus have sent mine angel to testify unto you these things for the churches.

I am the root and the offspring of David, the bright, the morning star.

How blessedly comforting that our Lord takes His personal name here at the close of the book! "Thou shalt call his name Jesus." As He lay in the lowly manger of Bethlehem, that name was given to Him. God, the Father, will see to it that at that Name every knee shall bow (Philippians 2:10). But here He uses it in all the loving tenderness of old. In His announcing Himself as both the root and offspring of David, both His deity and His birth at Bethlehem are in view. He is both David's Lord and his son. And we are distinctly told by Paul that He was "born of the seed of David according to the flesh" (Romans 1:3); we are to remember Him the Risen One as such (2 Timothy 2:8): "Remember Jesus Christ, risen from the dead, of the seed of David, according to my gospel." It is part of the Pauline revelation (for the twelve imparted nothing to Paul). Nevertheless, although His royal throne and kingdom come through David and are connected with Israel on earth, we have a nearer and more blessed revelation: "I am the bright, the morning star." Our Lord is coming, indeed, as the Sun of Righteousness to rise upon the darkness of this world and reign in the millennial kingdom. But it is yet "this darkness"; although "the night is far spent, and the day is at hand." Yes, the day is not here- but lo, the harbinger of the day, the Morning Star! It shines in the night, but it prophesies the coming sunrise. "The assembly (ecclesia-the Church) sees Him in the now far spent night as the Morning Star, recognizes Him, while watching for Him, according to His own Word, in His bright heavenly character-a character which does not wake a sleeping world, but is the delight and joy of those who watch. When the sun arises, He will not be thus known: the earth will never so know Him, bright as the (coming) day may be" (Darby). If you have never seen the morning star, I beg you get up long before day some morning, gaze upon it, and be taught what our blessed Lord means or should mean to every real saint!

And the Spirit and the bride say, Come. And he that heareth, let him say, Come. And he that is athirst, let him come: he that will, let him take the water of life freely.

The blessed Holy Spirit, during our Lord's absence, having in care all the spiritual needs of all the saints, knowing all the counsels of God-and how they are connected with our Lord's appearing-continually utters, "Come." He breathes, "Come" toward Him who is awaiting the Father's moment, there at God's right hand. Also, the Bride, because she is the Bride-all the Church, all the Body of Christ, not part of it-says instinctively and from her heart, "Come," to her Bridegroom on high.

There is also the exhortation to every uninstructed hearer, who may read or hear read this great book of The Revelation with its mighty consummation in Christ's second coming-he is exhorted to join the Spirit and the Bride in inviting Him back: "Let him that heareth, say, Come." And then, if any one is athirst, it is the same old tender welcome of Matthew 11:1-30 : "Let him come."

And, as if that were not wide or free enough, there is this joyful final word from the Lord's own lips, "HE THAT WILL, LET HIM TAKE THE WATER OF LIFE FREELY." It is as if the Lord had said to His beloved John, "Preach the glad tidings at the very close-the water of life, the tree of life, the eternal home of God, the New Jerusalem-offer them all things freely" The Greek word "freely" is our dear old Greek word "dorean" (Romans 3:24; John 15:25)-"gratuitously," "without a cause in us why it should be given. We are all invited to take this infinite, infinite boon-"the water of life." Oh! May not unbelief shut any reader or hearer out from the FREE GIFT of God, which is ETERNAL LIFE!

I testify unto every man that heareth the words of the prophecy of this book, If any man shall add unto them, God shall add unto him the plagues which are written in this book: and if any man shall take away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God shall take away his part from the tree of life, and out of the holy city, which are written in this book.

Here is the most solemn warning in the whole Bible against tampering with the words of God. If judgment came upon the wicked king Jehoiakim (Jeremiah 36:1-32) because he cut out with his pen-knife and burnt the predictions of evil uttered by Jeremiah against Jerusalem, how much more awful will be the doom of those who add to or take from a book given by God to the Lord Jesus, who Himself, as it were, with His pierced royal hands, stamps it over and over, with the great seal of high heaven! And especially when that One to whom all" judgment has been committed, warns us not to trifle with even its words! An old Puritan preacher used to say, "There are just two things I desire to know: The first, Does God speak?-the second, What does God say?"

Let anyone who considers detracting from the meaning of the words of The Revelation, or refusing to believe that these things written therein will literally come to pass, and that shortly, reflect carefully upon the words, "God shall add unto him the plagues which are written in this book: God shall take away his part from the tree of life and out of the holy city." Fearful thought!

Notice these phrases-all in this last chapter: "The words of the prophecy of this book" (Revelation 22:7); "The words of this book" (Revelation 22:9); "The words of the prophecy of this book" (Revelation 22:10); "The words of the prophecy of this book" (Revelation 22:18); "The words of the book of this prophecy" Revelation 22:19); "Written in this book" (Revelation 22:19). Beware lest the jealousy of God burn like fire-for he has exalted his Word above all his Name (Psalms 138:2).

And then mark also: "I Jesus have sent mine angel to testify" (Revelation 22:16); "I testify unto every man that heareth" (Revelation 22:18); "He who testifieth these things saith" (Revelation 22:20).

Our Lord not only jealously guards the Words, but also announces Himself as the Witness to the Words:

He who testifieth these things saith, Yea: I come quickly. Amen: come, Lord Jesus.

This is now the third announcement by our Lord of His speedy return. The first (Revelation 22:7) was connected with our guarding as our treasure this book of The Revelation. The second (Revelation 22:12) was connected with the reward He personally is bringing to His servants.

But this third and last announcement is the simple one of the fact. This renders it supremely important. It makes the second coming of Jesus Christ to this earth from heaven the great event of the future!

Christ's death on the cross was the foundation, making possible the fulfillment of all the counsels of God.

Again, the coming of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost was the next most important fact. For His coming, His descent, made effectual to us the salvation purchased at Calvary, and keeps back ("hinders") the manifestation of the iniquity of earth, and Satan's man of sin, until the Church, the Body of Christ is caught away.

But all now awaits this transcendent event: His "coming again"-and "quickly"!

The word "behold" (idou) has given way to the Greek word of absolute affirmation (nai); "actually"-"for a fact"-"surely"-"certainly"-"I am coming, quickly."

John, the beloved, replies for the whole Church, "Amen: come, Lord Jesus." No unwillingness to have God's will done on earth as in heaven possessed the heart of the apostle; no plans of his own, however earnest, held back the eager call of his heart to the Lord to come; no concern for those yet unsaved who might be near and dear, or for whom his soul was burdened, could for an instant invade the inner sanctuary of his soul where he awaited his Lord from heaven! And so should it be with us! In Revelation 1:7 God had spoken the first prophetic word of this book of The Revelation: "Behold, He cometh with the clouds," and, "Even so, Amen!" was the Spirit's seal to this striking testimony, and now, at the close, John in glad inspiration, cries aloud to the Lord Jesus to come!

The grace of the Lord Jesus be with all the saints. Amen.

As you know, the Old Testament ends with the word "curse," for it is the warning given an earth whose future hangs upon that of Israel-upon the conversion of the remnant and upon the receiving of the preaching of Elijah (evidently one of the two witnesses of Revelation 11:1-19), just before Christ should return. The law could make no absolute promise, and so God's Word by Malachi ends, "Lest I come and smite the earth with a curse."

But now Christ has come and put away sin by the sacrifice of Himself. And, although the book of The Revelation has had to uncover the fearful rebellion of the earth, and the necessary and dire judgments of God; yet upon those who have believed, to His saints, the benediction of divine favor rests. Just as Christ lifted up His hands and blessed them over against Bethany, at His ascension, so all His saints are now-under His pierced, uplifted hands of blessing. Amen!

Verses 8-9

And I, John am he that heard and saw these things. And when I heard and saw, I fell down to worship before the feet of the angel that showed me these things. And he saith unto me, See thou do it not: I am a fellow-servant with thee and with thy brethren the prophets, and with them that keep the words of this book: worship God.

For the second time (19:9, 10) John is overwhelmed. It is, we feel, in view of all that has preceded, and especially of the blessed announcement of the near coming of his Lord that the Seer, overwhelmed, falls down to worship the revealing angel. Alas, our poor hearts turn perpetually to adore something short of God-the creature rather than the Creator.

The fidelity and humility of the angel abase and shame us. Though higher than man, he is a "fellow-servant" (sundoulos)-a word that wholly excludes independence, in which man glories. Note also how the angel remembers "the prophets," those faithful servants of God, and also that the angels themselves are "keepers of the words" of this book of The Revelation. Doubtless Michael and his angels derive their very courage for the terrific conflict of chapter 12 from the revelation of certain victory given through John the beloved. How wonderful are the ways of God! Let us lay close to our hearts the angel’s words: "Worship God." These words will search us out. Unless we are walking with God, other gods are holding our affections. The very glory of divine revelations may tend to turn our weak hearts away from adoration of the divine Person, Himself (Compare Paul in 2 Corinthians 12:7).

Verses 10-15

And he saith unto me, Seal not up the words of the prophecy of this book; for the time is at hand. He that is unrighteous, let him do unrighteousness still (or yet further); and he that is filthy, let him be made filthy still: and he that is righteous, let him do righteousness still; and he that is holy let him be made holy still. Behold, I come quickly; and my reward is with me, to render to each man according as his work is. I am the Alpha and the Omega, the first and the last, the beginning and the end. Blessed are they that wash their robes, that they may have the right to the tree of life, and may enter in by the gates into the city. Without are the dogs, and the sorcerers, and the fornicators, and the murderers, and the idolaters, and every one that loveth and maketh a lie.

We have here: (1) The Revelation is an unsealed, open book. (2) The fact that its clear and awful revelations will not change those who choose wickedness is not to hinder its teaching; it will bless the godly. (3) The second announcement of "I come quickly." (4) The second (and overwhelming) imprimatur of the Author of this book. (5) The blessedness of those that "washed their robes" in the blood of the Lamb (see 7:14), thus having the right to the tree and to the city. [The reading "do his commandments" is now generally agreed to be a false reading, and it would constitute a false ground of any divine favor, which is based on the work of Christ.] (6) The six great classes of those eternally excluded from the city (compare the eight classes cast into the lake of fire in Revelation 21:8).

1. Briefly, let us examine-The Revelation unsealed. Daniel was told to seal up his prophecy: "O Daniel, shut up the words, and seal the book, even to the time of the end: for the words are shut up and sealed till the time of the end" (Daniel 12:4; Daniel 12:9). But inasmuch as we are now in "the last time," "the last hour" (1 Peter 1:5; 1 John 2:18) and "the ends of the ages" have come upon us (1 Corinthians 10:11), God gave this book of The Revelation to our Lord Jesus Christ for us, as John has told us in Revelation 1:1-2. This very reason of the nearness, the next-ness, the at-hand-ness, of its time is given by our Lord for letting this mighty book remain unsealed-that is, open to all who will believe it and are willing to search the Old Testament Scriptures-"the Scriptures of the prophets"-to gain the understanding of its scenes and language. What a rebuke to the negligence, the neglect, the sneering, ignorant arrogance, shown by most of Christendom toward The Revelation! Our Lord Jesus may declare it an open, unsealed, understandable book; men say it is filled with "unintelligible language" and "mystic symbols." Christ says: "Blessed is he that readeth"; men say: "Let it alone, you cannot understand it." Some day all these will give an account of their insolent, insulting attitude toward this holy, open book of plain prophecy, given by God to Christ for us, and distinctly left unsealed. And "the time is at hand" with which its mighty language deals! This word "at hand" (Greek eggus) is used thirty times in the New Testament. It is illustrated in Matthew 24:32-33 (translated "nigh," "near"). Paul, looking for Christ, uses it in Philippians 4:5 "The Lord is at hand."

2. Revelation 22:11 is generally regarded as a mere sentence of finality on the state in which any soul is discovered at the Lord’s coming. But if we look carefully at its connection with the preceding verse, it would seem to be suggested by the words "Seal not up the words of the prophecy of this book." The terms "do righteousness still" and "be made filthy still" seem to have the same significance of a life-choice, which you find in Romans 2:12 -"as many as sinned." The tense is the aorist, not the perfect; and indicates the choice of the man’s life, his whole life, viewed as a whole, so that we find in Revelation 22:11 those who have made the final choice of unrighteousness and are living in it. The word "unjust" (R. V. "unrighteous") is made into a verb: "Let him keep-on-doing-unrighteousness" (for he has chosen it). Likewise, the one who has chosen righteousness, "let him keep on practicing (poieo) righteousness." Paul, indeed, plainly declares: "We (indwelt by Christ) are a sweet savor (fragrance) of Christ unto God, in them that are being saved, and in them that are perishing; to the one a savor (fragrance) from death unto (deeper) death; to the other, a savor (fragrance) from life unto life" (unto higher life). The fact is, that The Revelation of Christ and His Gospel damns rejecters the more deeply (John 15:22-24). Just so the unfolding of the terrible visitations, plagues and judgments of the book of Revelation moves most men to deeper rejection and hatred of God’s truth. Witness the growing denial of eternal punishment in literal fire and brimstone, so undeniably asserted in The Revelation, but so desperately rejected by "modern" thought.

3. Our Lord connects the second, "Behold, I come quickly (Revelation 22:12) with that individual reward He retains in His own hand to bestow personally: "My reward is with me" No saint of either Old or New Testament has been rewarded finally yet. And the Lord will not commit even to Michael or Gabriel the giving of the reward for the least service rendered to Him! Precious thought! Be "always abounding in the work of the Lord, forasmuch as ye know that your labor is not vain in the Lord."

4. We have already noticed the first voice of Deity in Revelation 22:6 and have called attention also to the second in Revelation 22:13: "I am the Alpha and the Omega, the first and the last, the beginning and the end."

5. The fact of the absolute deity of our Lord Jesus Christ could not be more strongly affirmed. Everything stands or falls with this doctrine. Christ is "God before and after all; and filling duration."

In the simple words pronouncing "blessed" those who avail themselves, through faith, of the infinite, cleansing power of the blood of Christ, how much is wrapped up! Notice, it is not the declaration of the Judge in justifying the ungodly who believe, that is in question here (that is Romans); but it is the cleansing effect of the shed blood of Christ, fitting the believer’s person to come to the tree of life and to enter the very home of God, the New Jerusalem. Faith, true faith, involves not only a righteous standing, but the removal of all defilement from the person of the believer: both justification and cleansing. Christ said: "Already ye are clean because of the word which I have spoken unto you"; or, as Paul writes in Colossians 1:12: "Giving thanks unto the Father, who made us meet to be partakers of the inheritance of the saints in light." To the weakest and humblest believer both of these things belong. The right (exousia) to the tree of life and to the city thus forever and ever rests on faith in the blood of Christ. How simple, yet how glorious!

6. Now as to those excluded: "the dogs"-unclean (as Isaiah 66:3; Matthew 7:6); cruel (Psalms 22:16; Psalms 22:20; Jeremiah 15:3); utterly profane (Deuteronomy 23:18); sin-loving (2 Peter 2:22); to be guarded against by saints (Philippians 3:2); "the sorcerers"-direct dealers with the Devil and demons; "the fornicators"-those who have chosen this uncleanness; "the murderers"-those who chose hatred-violence and slaughter-(so far, sins against man). Now "the idolators"-those serving and worshipping the creature, thus hiding away from the Creator; "and everyone that loveth and practiceth (poieo) a lie"-those shutting out the truth of God, who hide in the darkness that they may love and do falsehood: who refuse to be made sincere before God.

What a list! Here, it is exclusion from the city where the blessedness will be. In 21:8, it was their judicial consignment to the lake of fire as banished from God, whose "tabernacle" was now "with men."

Verse 16

I Jesus have sent mine angel to testify unto you these things for the churches. I am the root and the offspring of David, the bright, the morning star.

How blessedly comforting that our Lord takes His personal name here at the close of the book! "Thou shalt call his name Jesus." As He lay in the lowly manger of Bethlehem, that name was given to Him. God, the Father, will see to it that at that Name every knee shall bow (Philippians 2:10). But here He uses it in all the loving tenderness of old. In His announcing Himself as both the root and offspring of David, both His deity and His birth at Bethlehem are in view. He is both David’s Lord and his son. And we are distinctly told by Paul that He was "born of the seed of David according to the flesh" (Romans 1:3); we are to remember Him the Risen One as such (2 Timothy 2:8): "Remember Jesus Christ, risen from the dead, of the seed of David, according to my gospel." It is part of the Pauline revelation (for the twelve imparted nothing to Paul). Nevertheless, although His royal throne and kingdom come through David and are connected with Israel on earth, we have a nearer and more blessed revelation: "I am the bright, the morning star." Our Lord is coming, indeed, as the Sun of Righteousness to rise upon the darkness of this world and reign in the millennial kingdom. But it is yet "this darkness"; although "the night is far spent, and the day is at hand." Yes, the day is not here- but lo, the harbinger of the day, the Morning Star! It shines in the night, but it prophesies the coming sunrise. "The assembly (ecclesia-the Church) sees Him in the now far spent night as the Morning Star, recognizes Him, while watching for Him, according to His own Word, in His bright heavenly character-a character which does not wake a sleeping world, but is the delight and joy of those who watch. When the sun arises, He will not be thus known: the earth will never so know Him, bright as the (coming) day may be" (Darby). If you have never seen the morning star, I beg you get up long before day some morning, gaze upon it, and be taught what our blessed Lord means or should mean to every real saint!

Verse 17

And the Spirit and the bride say, Come. And he that heareth, let him say, Come. And he that is athirst, let him come: he that will, let him take the water of life freely.

The blessed Holy Spirit, during our Lord’s absence, having in care all the spiritual needs of all the saints, knowing all the counsels of God-and how they are connected with our Lord’s appearing-continually utters, "Come." He breathes, "Come" toward Him who is awaiting the Father’s moment, there at God’s right hand. Also, the Bride, because she is the Bride-all the Church, all the Body of Christ, not part of it-says instinctively and from her heart, "Come," to her Bridegroom on high.

There is also the exhortation to every uninstructed hearer, who may read or hear read this great book of The Revelation with its mighty consummation in Christ’s second coming-he is exhorted to join the Spirit and the Bride in inviting Him back: "Let him that heareth, say, Come." And then, if any one is athirst, it is the same old tender welcome of Matthew 11:1-30: "Let him come."

And, as if that were not wide or free enough, there is this joyful final word from the Lord’s own lips, "HE THAT WILL, LET HIM TAKE THE WATER OF LIFE FREELY." It is as if the Lord had said to His beloved John, "Preach the glad tidings at the very close-the water of life, the tree of life, the eternal home of God, the New Jerusalem-offer them all things freely" The Greek word "freely" is our dear old Greek word "dorean" (Romans 3:24; John 15:25)-"gratuitously," "without a cause in us why it should be given. We are all invited to take this infinite, infinite boon-"the water of life." Oh! May not unbelief shut any reader or hearer out from the FREE GIFT of God, which is ETERNAL LIFE!

Verses 18-19

I testify unto every man that heareth the words of the prophecy of this book, If any man shall add unto them, God shall add unto him the plagues which are written in this book: and if any man shall take away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God shall take away his part from the tree of life, and out of the holy city, which are written in this book.

Here is the most solemn warning in the whole Bible against tampering with the words of God. If judgment came upon the wicked king Jehoiakim (Jeremiah 36:1-32) because he cut out with his pen-knife and burnt the predictions of evil uttered by Jeremiah against Jerusalem, how much more awful will be the doom of those who add to or take from a book given by God to the Lord Jesus, who Himself, as it were, with His pierced royal hands, stamps it over and over, with the great seal of high heaven! And especially when that One to whom all" judgment has been committed, warns us not to trifle with even its words! An old Puritan preacher used to say, "There are just two things I desire to know: The first, Does God speak?-the second, What does God say?"

Let anyone who considers detracting from the meaning of the words of The Revelation, or refusing to believe that these things written therein will literally come to pass, and that shortly, reflect carefully upon the words, "God shall add unto him the plagues which are written in this book: God shall take away his part from the tree of life and out of the holy city." Fearful thought!

Notice these phrases-all in this last chapter: "The words of the prophecy of this book" (Revelation 22:7); "The words of this book" (Revelation 22:9); "The words of the prophecy of this book" (Revelation 22:10); "The words of the prophecy of this book" (Revelation 22:18); "The words of the book of this prophecy" Revelation 22:19); "Written in this book" (Revelation 22:19). Beware lest the jealousy of God burn like fire-for he has exalted his Word above all his Name (Psalms 138:2).

And then mark also: "I Jesus have sent mine angel to testify" (Revelation 22:16); "I testify unto every man that heareth" (Revelation 22:18); "He who testifieth these things saith" (Revelation 22:20).

Our Lord not only jealously guards the Words, but also announces Himself as the Witness to the Words:

Verse 20

He who testifieth these things saith, Yea: I come quickly. Amen: come, Lord Jesus.

This is now the third announcement by our Lord of His speedy return. The first (Revelation 22:7) was connected with our guarding as our treasure this book of The Revelation. The second (Revelation 22:12) was connected with the reward He personally is bringing to His servants.

But this third and last announcement is the simple one of the fact. This renders it supremely important. It makes the second coming of Jesus Christ to this earth from heaven the great event of the future!

Christ’s death on the cross was the foundation, making possible the fulfillment of all the counsels of God.

Again, the coming of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost was the next most important fact. For His coming, His descent, made effectual to us the salvation purchased at Calvary, and keeps back ("hinders") the manifestation of the iniquity of earth, and Satan’s man of sin, until the Church, the Body of Christ is caught away.

But all now awaits this transcendent event: His "coming again"-and "quickly"!

The word "behold" (idou) has given way to the Greek word of absolute affirmation (nai); "actually” — “for a fact” — “surely” — “certainly” — “I am coming, quickly."

John, the beloved, replies for the whole Church, "Amen: come, Lord Jesus." No unwillingness to have God’s will done on earth as in heaven possessed the heart of the apostle; no plans of his own, however earnest, held back the eager call of his heart to the Lord to come; no concern for those yet unsaved who might be near and dear, or for whom his soul was burdened, could for an instant invade the inner sanctuary of his soul where he awaited his Lord from heaven! And so should it be with us! In Revelation 1:7 God had spoken the first prophetic word of this book of The Revelation: "Behold, He cometh with the clouds," and, "Even so, Amen!" was the Spirit’s seal to this striking testimony, and now, at the close, John in glad inspiration, cries aloud to the Lord Jesus to come!

Verse 21

The grace of the Lord Jesus be with all the saints. Amen.

As you know, the Old Testament ends with the word "curse," for it is the warning given an earth whose future hangs upon that of Israel-upon the conversion of the remnant and upon the receiving of the preaching of Elijah (evidently one of the two witnesses of Revelation 11:1-19), just before Christ should return. The law could make no absolute promise, and so God’s Word by Malachi ends, "Lest I come and smite the earth with a curse."

But now Christ has come and put away sin by the sacrifice of Himself. And, although the book of The Revelation has had to uncover the fearful rebellion of the earth, and the necessary and dire judgments of God; yet upon those who have believed, to His saints, the benediction of divine favor rests. Just as Christ lifted up His hands and blessed them over against Bethany, at His ascension, so all His saints are now-under His pierced, uplifted hands of blessing. Amen!