Study Desk

As they sat down to eat their meal, they looked up and saw a caravan of Ishmaelites^(aw) coming from Gilead.^(ax) Their camels were loaded with spices, balm^(ay) and myrrh,^(az) and they were on their way to take them down to Egypt.^(ba)

Judah^(bb) said to his brothers, "What will we gain if we kill our brother and cover up his blood?^(bc)

Come, let's sell him to the Ishmaelites and not lay our hands on him; after all, he is our brother,^(bd) our own flesh and blood.^(be)" His brothers agreed.

So when the Midianite^(bf) merchants came by, his brothers pulled Joseph up out of the cistern^(bg) and sold^(bh) him for twenty shekels^[b] of silver^(bi) to the Ishmaelites,^(bj) who took him to Egypt.^(bk)

When Reuben returned to the cistern and saw that Joseph was not there, he tore his clothes.^(bl)

He went back to his brothers and said, "The boy isn't there! Where can I turn now?"^(bm)

Then they got Joseph's robe,^(bn) slaughtered a goat and dipped the robe in the blood.^(bo)

They took the ornate robe^(bp) back to their father and said, "We found this. Examine it to see whether it is your son's robe."

He recognized it and said, "It is my son's robe! Some ferocious animal^(bq) has devoured him. Joseph has surely been torn to pieces."^(br)

Then Jacob tore his clothes,^(bs) put on sackcloth^(bt) and mourned for his son many days.^(bu)

All his sons and daughters came to comfort him,^(bv) but he refused to be comforted.^(bw) "No," he said, "I will continue to mourn until I join my son^(bx) in the grave.^(by)" So his father wept for him.

Meanwhile, the Midianites^[c](bz) sold Joseph^(ca) in Egypt to Potiphar, one of Pharaoh's officials, the captain of the guard.^(cb)

Judah and Tamar

At that time, Judah^(a) left his brothers and went down to stay with a man of Adullam^(b) named Hirah.^(c)

There Judah met the daughter of a Canaanite man named Shua.^(d) He married her and made love to her;

she became pregnant and gave birth to a son, who was named Er.^(e)

She conceived again and gave birth to a son and named him Onan.^(f)

She gave birth to still another son and named him Shelah.^(g) It was at Kezib that she gave birth to him.

Judah got a wife for Er, his firstborn, and her name was Tamar.^(h)

But Er, Judah's firstborn, was wicked in the Lord 's sight;⁽ⁱ⁾ so the Lord put him to death.^(j)

Then Judah said to Onan, "Sleep with your brother's wife and fulfill your duty to her as a brother-in-law to raise up offspring for your brother."^(k)

But Onan knew that the child would not be his; so whenever he slept with his brother's wife, he spilled his semen on the ground to keep from providing offspring for his brother.

What he did was wicked in the Lord 's sight; so the Lord put him to death also.^(l)

Judah then said to his daughter-in-law^(m) Tamar,⁽ⁿ⁾ "Live as a widow in your father's household^(o) until my son Shelah^(p) grows up."^(q) For he thought, "He may die too, just like his brothers." So Tamar went to live in her father's household.

After a long time Judah's wife, the daughter of Shua,^(r) died. When Judah had recovered from his grief, he went up to Timnah,^(s) to the men who were shearing his sheep,^(t) and his friend Hirah the Adullamite^(u) went with him.

When Tamar^(v) was told, "Your father-in-law is on his way to Timnah to shear his sheep,"^(w)

she took off her widow's clothes,^(x) covered herself with a veil^(y) to disguise herself, and then sat down^(z) at the entrance to Enaim, which is on the road to Timnah.^(aa) For she saw that, though Shelah^(ab) had now grown up, she had not been given to him as his wife.

When Judah saw her, he thought she was a prostitute,^(ac) for she had covered her face.

Not realizing^(ad) that she was his daughter-in-law,^(ae) he went over to her by the roadside and said, "Come now, let me sleep with you."^(af) "And what will you give me to sleep with you?"^(ag) she asked.

"I'll send you a young goat^(ah) from my flock," he said. "Will you give me something as a pledge^(ai) until you send it?" she asked.

He said, "What pledge should I give you?" "Your seal^(aj) and its cord, and the staff^(ak) in your hand," she answered. So he gave them to her and slept with her, and she became pregnant by him.^(al)

After she left, she took off her veil and put on her widow's clothes^(am) again.

Meanwhile Judah sent the young goat by his friend the Adullamite^(an) in order to get his pledge^(ao) back from the woman, but he did not find her.

He asked the men who lived there, "Where is the shrine prostitute^(ap) who was beside the road at Enaim?" "There hasn't been any shrine prostitute here," they said.

So he went back to Judah and said, "I didn't find her. Besides, the men who lived there said, ‘There hasn't been any shrine prostitute here.'"

Then Judah said, "Let her keep what she has,^(aq) or we will become a laughingstock.^(ar) After all, I did send her this young goat, but you didn't find her."

About three months later Judah was told, "Your daughter-in-law Tamar is guilty of prostitution, and as a result she is now pregnant." Judah said, "Bring her out and have her burned to death!"^(as)

As she was being brought out, she sent a message to her father-in-law. "I am pregnant by the man who owns these," she said. And she added, "See if you recognize whose seal and cord and staff these are."^(at)

Judah recognized them and said, "She is more righteous than I,^(au) since I wouldn't give her to my son Shelah.^(av)" And he did not sleep with her again.

When the time came for her to give birth, there were twin boys in her womb.^(aw)

As she was giving birth, one of them put out his hand; so the midwife^(ax) took a scarlet thread and tied it on his wrist^(ay) and said, "This one came out first."

But when he drew back his hand, his brother came out,^(az) and she said, "So this is how you have broken out!" And he was named Perez.^[a](ba)

Then his brother, who had the scarlet thread on his wrist,^(bb) came out. And he was named Zerah.^[b](bc)

Joseph and Potiphar's Wife

Now Joseph^(a) had been taken down to Egypt. Potiphar, an Egyptian who was one of Pharaoh's officials, the captain of the guard,^(b) bought him from the Ishmaelites who had taken him there.^(c)

The Lord was with Joseph^(d) so that he prospered, and he lived in the house of his Egyptian master.

When his master saw that the Lord was with him^(e) and that the Lord gave him success in everything he did,^(f)

Joseph found favor in his eyes^(g) and became his attendant. Potiphar put him in charge of his household,^(h) and he entrusted to his care everything he owned.⁽ⁱ⁾

From the time he put him in charge of his household and of all that he owned, the Lord blessed the household^(j) of the Egyptian because of Joseph.^(k) The blessing of the Lord was on everything Potiphar had, both in the house and in the field.^(l)

So Potiphar left everything he had in Joseph's care;^(m) with Joseph in charge, he did not concern himself with anything except the food he ate. Now Joseph was well-built and handsome,⁽ⁿ⁾

and after a while his master's wife took notice of Joseph and said, "Come to bed with me!"^(o)

But he refused.^(p) "With me in charge," he told her, "my master does not concern himself with anything in the house; everything he owns he has entrusted to my care.^(q)

No one is greater in this house than I am.^(r) My master has withheld nothing from me except you, because you are his wife. How then could I do such a wicked thing and sin against God?"^(s)

And though she spoke to Joseph day after day, he refused^(t) to go to bed with her or even be with her.

One day he went into the house to attend to his duties,^(u) and none of the household servants^(v) was inside.

She caught him by his cloak^(w) and said, "Come to bed with me!"^(x) But he left his cloak in her hand and ran out of the house.^(y)

When she saw that he had left his cloak in her hand and had run out of the house,

she called her household servants.^(z) "Look," she said to them, "this Hebrew^(aa) has been brought to us to make sport of us!^(ab) He came in here to sleep with me, but I screamed.^(ac)

When he heard me scream for help, he left his cloak beside me and ran out of the house."^(ad)

She kept his cloak beside her until his master came home.

Then she told him this story:^(ae) "That Hebrew^(af) slave^(ag) you brought us came to me to make sport of me.

But as soon as I screamed for help, he left his cloak beside me and ran out of the house."

When his master heard the story his wife told him, saying, "This is how your slave treated me," he burned with anger.^(ah)

Joseph's master took him and put him in prison,^(ai) the place where the king's prisoners were confined. But while Joseph was there in the prison,

the Lord was with him;^(aj) he showed him kindness^(ak) and granted him favor in the eyes of the prison warden.^(al)

So the warden put Joseph in charge of all those held in the prison, and he was made responsible for all that was done there.^(am)

The warden paid no attention to anything under Joseph's^(an) care, because the Lord was with Joseph and gave him success in whatever he did.^(ao)

The Cupbearer and the Baker

Some time later, the cupbearer^(a) and the baker^(b) of the king of Egypt offended their master, the king of Egypt.

Pharaoh was angry^(c) with his two officials,^(d) the chief cupbearer and the chief baker,

and put them in custody in the house of the captain of the guard,^(e) in the same prison where Joseph was confined.

The captain of the guard^(f) assigned them to Joseph,^(g) and he attended them. After they had been in custody^(h) for some time,

each of the two men—the cupbearer and the baker of the king of Egypt, who were being held in prison—had a dream⁽ⁱ⁾ the same night, and each dream had a meaning of its own.^(j)

When Joseph came to them the next morning, he saw that they were dejected.

So he asked Pharaoh's officials who were in custody^(k) with him in his master's house, "Why do you look so sad today?"^(l)

"We both had dreams," they answered, "but there is no one to interpret them."^(m) Then Joseph said to them, "Do not interpretations belong to God?⁽ⁿ⁾ Tell me your dreams."