Study Desk

Tattenai's Letter to Darius

Now Haggai^(a) the prophet and Zechariah^(b) the prophet, a descendant of Iddo, prophesied^(c) to the Jews in Judah and Jerusalem in the name of the God of Israel, who was over them.

Then Zerubbabel^(d) son of Shealtiel and Joshua^(e) son of Jozadak set to work^(f) to rebuild the house of God in Jerusalem. And the prophets of God were with them, supporting them.

At that time Tattenai,^(g) governor of Trans-Euphrates, and Shethar-Bozenai^(h) and their associates went to them and asked, "Who authorized you to rebuild this temple and to finish it?"⁽ⁱ⁾

They^[a] also asked, "What are the names of those who are constructing this building?"

But the eye of their God^(j) was watching over the elders of the Jews, and they were not stopped until a report could go to Darius and his written reply be received.

This is a copy of the letter that Tattenai, governor of Trans-Euphrates, and Shethar-Bozenai and their associates, the officials of Trans-Euphrates, sent to King Darius.

The report they sent him read as follows: To King Darius: Cordial greetings.

The king should know that we went to the district of Judah, to the temple of the great God. The people are building it with large stones and placing the timbers in the walls. The work^(k) is being carried on with diligence and is making rapid progress under their direction.

We questioned the elders and asked them, "Who authorized you to rebuild this temple and to finish it?"^(l)

We also asked them their names, so that we could write down the names of their leaders for your information.

This is the answer they gave us: "We are the servants of the God of heaven and earth, and we are rebuilding the temple^(m) that was built many years ago, one that a great king of Israel built and finished.

But because our ancestors angered⁽ⁿ⁾ the God of heaven, he gave them into the hands of Nebuchadnezzar the Chaldean, king of Babylon, who destroyed this temple and deported the people to Babylon.^(o)

"However, in the first year of Cyrus king of Babylon, King Cyrus issued a decree^(p) to rebuild this house of God.

He even removed from the temple^[b] of Babylon the gold and silver articles of the house of God, which Nebuchadnezzar had taken from the temple in Jerusalem and brought to the temple^[c] in Babylon.^(q) Then King Cyrus gave them to a man named Sheshbazzar,^(r) whom he had appointed governor,

and he told him, ‘Take these articles and go and deposit them in the temple in Jerusalem. And rebuild the house of God on its site.'

"So this Sheshbazzar came and laid the foundations of the house of God^(s) in Jerusalem. From that day to the present it has been under construction but is not yet finished."

Now if it pleases the king, let a search be made in the royal archives^(t) of Babylon to see if King Cyrus did in fact issue a decree to rebuild this house of God in Jerusalem. Then let the king send us his decision in this matter.

The Decree of Darius

King Darius then issued an order, and they searched in the archives^(a) stored in the treasury at Babylon.

A scroll was found in the citadel of Ecbatana in the province of Media, and this was written on it: Memorandum:

In the first year of King Cyrus, the king issued a decree concerning the temple of God in Jerusalem: Let the temple be rebuilt as a place to present sacrifices, and let its foundations be laid.^(b) It is to be sixty cubits^[a] high and sixty cubits wide,

with three courses^(c) of large stones and one of timbers. The costs are to be paid by the royal treasury.^(d)

Also, the gold^(e) and silver articles of the house of God, which Nebuchadnezzar took from the temple in Jerusalem and brought to Babylon, are to be returned to their places in the temple in Jerusalem; they are to be deposited in the house of God.^(f)

Now then, Tattenai,^(g) governor of Trans-Euphrates, and Shethar-Bozenai^(h) and you other officials of that province, stay away from there.

Do not interfere with the work on this temple of God. Let the governor of the Jews and the Jewish elders rebuild this house of God on its site.

Moreover, I hereby decree what you are to do for these elders of the Jews in the construction of this house of God: Their expenses are to be fully paid out of the royal treasury,⁽ⁱ⁾ from the revenues^(j) of Trans-Euphrates, so that the work will not stop.

Whatever is needed—young bulls, rams, male lambs for burnt offerings^(k) to the God of heaven, and wheat, salt, wine and olive oil, as requested by the priests in Jerusalem—must be given them daily without fail,

so that they may offer sacrifices pleasing to the God of heaven and pray for the well-being of the king and his sons.^(l)

Furthermore, I decree that if anyone defies this edict, a beam is to be pulled from their house and they are to be impaled^(m) on it. And for this crime their house is to be made a pile of rubble.⁽ⁿ⁾

May God, who has caused his Name to dwell there,^(o) overthrow any king or people who lifts a hand to change this decree or to destroy this temple in Jerusalem. I Darius^(p) have decreed it. Let it be carried out with diligence.

Then, because of the decree King Darius had sent, Tattenai, governor of Trans-Euphrates, and Shethar-Bozenai and their associates^(q) carried it out with diligence.

So the elders of the Jews continued to build and prosper under the preaching^(r) of Haggai the prophet and Zechariah, a descendant of Iddo. They finished building the temple according to the command of the God of Israel and the decrees of Cyrus,^(s) Darius^(t) and Artaxerxes,^(u) kings of Persia.

The temple was completed on the third day of the month Adar, in the sixth year of the reign of King Darius.^(v)

Then the people of Israel—the priests, the Levites and the rest of the exiles—celebrated the dedication^(w) of the house of God with joy.

For the dedication of this house of God they offered^(x) a hundred bulls, two hundred rams, four hundred male lambs and, as a sin offering^[b] for all Israel, twelve male goats, one for each of the tribes of Israel.

And they installed the priests in their divisions^(y) and the Levites in their groups^(z) for the service of God at Jerusalem, according to what is written in the Book of Moses.^(aa)

On the fourteenth day of the first month, the exiles celebrated the Passover.^(ab)

The priests and Levites had purified themselves and were all ceremonially clean. The Levites slaughtered^(ac) the Passover lamb for all the exiles, for their relatives the priests and for themselves.

So the Israelites who had returned from the exile ate it, together with all who had separated themselves^(ad) from the unclean practices^(ae) of their Gentile neighbors in order to seek the Lord ,^(af) the God of Israel.

For seven days they celebrated with joy the Festival of Unleavened Bread,^(ag) because the Lord had filled them with joy by changing the attitude^(ah) of the king of Assyria so that he assisted them in the work on the house of God, the God of Israel.

Ezra Comes to Jerusalem

After these things, during the reign of Artaxerxes^(a) king of Persia, Ezra son of Seraiah,^(b) the son of Azariah, the son of Hilkiah,^(c)

the son of Shallum, the son of Zadok,^(d) the son of Ahitub,^(e)

the son of Amariah, the son of Azariah, the son of Meraioth,

the son of Zerahiah, the son of Uzzi, the son of Bukki,

the son of Abishua, the son of Phinehas,^(f) the son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron the chief priest—

this Ezra^(g) came up from Babylon. He was a teacher well versed in the Law of Moses, which the Lord , the God of Israel, had given. The king had granted^(h) him everything he asked, for the hand of the Lord his God was on him.⁽ⁱ⁾

Some of the Israelites, including priests, Levites, musicians, gatekeepers and temple servants, also came up to Jerusalem in the seventh year of King Artaxerxes.^(j)

Ezra arrived in Jerusalem in the fifth month of the seventh year of the king.

He had begun his journey from Babylon on the first day of the first month, and he arrived in Jerusalem on the first day of the fifth month, for the gracious hand of his God was on him.^(k)

For Ezra had devoted himself to the study and observance of the Law of the Lord , and to teaching^(l) its decrees and laws in Israel.

This is a copy of the letter King Artaxerxes had given to Ezra the priest, a teacher of the Law, a man learned in matters concerning the commands and decrees of the Lord for Israel:

Artaxerxes, king of kings,^(m) To Ezra the priest, teacher of the Law of the God of heaven: Greetings.

Now I decree that any of the Israelites in my kingdom, including priests and Levites, who volunteer to go to Jerusalem with you, may go.

You are sent by the king and his seven advisers⁽ⁿ⁾ to inquire about Judah and Jerusalem with regard to the Law of your God, which is in your hand.

Moreover, you are to take with you the silver and gold that the king and his advisers have freely given^(o) to the God of Israel, whose dwelling^(p) is in Jerusalem,

together with all the silver and gold^(q) you may obtain from the province of Babylon, as well as the freewill offerings of the people and priests for the temple of their God in Jerusalem.^(r)

With this money be sure to buy bulls, rams and male lambs,^(s) together with their grain offerings and drink offerings,^(t) and sacrifice^(u) them on the altar of the temple of your God in Jerusalem.

You and your fellow Israelites may then do whatever seems best with the rest of the silver and gold, in accordance with the will of your God.

Deliver^(v) to the God of Jerusalem all the articles entrusted to you for worship in the temple of your God.

And anything else needed for the temple of your God that you are responsible to supply, you may provide from the royal treasury.^(w)

Now I, King Artaxerxes, decree that all the treasurers of Trans-Euphrates are to provide with diligence whatever Ezra the priest, the teacher of the Law of the God of heaven, may ask of you—

up to a hundred talents^[a] of silver, a hundred cors^[b] of wheat, a hundred baths^[c] of wine, a hundred baths^[d] of olive oil, and salt without limit.

Whatever the God of heaven has prescribed, let it be done with diligence for the temple of the God of heaven. Why should his wrath fall on the realm of the king and of his sons?^(x)

You are also to know that you have no authority to impose taxes, tribute or duty^(y) on any of the priests, Levites, musicians, gatekeepers, temple servants or other workers at this house of God.^(z)

And you, Ezra, in accordance with the wisdom of your God, which you possess, appoint^(aa) magistrates and judges to administer justice to all the people of Trans-Euphrates—all who know the laws of your God. And you are to teach^(ab) any who do not know them.

Whoever does not obey the law of your God and the law of the king must surely be punished by death, banishment, confiscation of property, or imprisonment.^[e](ac)

Praise be to the Lord , the God of our ancestors, who has put it into the king's heart^(ad) to bring honor^(ae) to the house of the Lord in Jerusalem in this way

and who has extended his good favor^(af) to me before the king and his advisers and all the king's powerful officials. Because the hand of the Lord my God was on me,^(ag) I took courage and gathered leaders from Israel to go up with me.