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Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #2447 - ἰός
- Thayer
- Strong
- Mounce
- poison (of animals)
- poison of asps is under their lips,
- spoken of men given to reviling and calumniating and thereby injuring others
- rust
- Book
- Word
- Parsing
ἰός
(A) [ ῑ], ὁ, pl. ἰοί, heterocl. ἰά Il. 20.68 (Cypr., acc. to AB 1095): —
arrow, ἰὸν ἕηκε Il. 1.48; βλήμενος ἢ ἰῷ ἢ ἔγχεϊ 8.514, cf. A. Pers. 461; ἧκεν κομήτην ἰόν S. Tr. 567. (Cf. Skt. í[snull ] 'arrow'.)
ἰός
(B) [ ῑ], ὁ,
poison, as of serpents, A. Eu. 478, S. Tr. 771, E. Ion 1015, Plu. 2.562c, etc.; venom of a mad dog, Ruf. Fr. 118; ἰὸς ἀμεμφὴς μελισσῶν, of honey with which snakes fed Iamos, Pi. O. 6.47: metaph., of envy, A. Ag. 834. (Cf. Skt. vi[snull ]ám 'poison', Lat. vîrus.)
ἰός
(C) [ ῑ], ὁ,
rust on iron, or verdigris on copper and bronze, Sapph. 141 (dub.), Thgn. 451, Pl. R. 609a, Ti. 59c, Theoc. 16.17; ἰ. σιδήρου Dsc. 5.80; ἰ. χαλκοῦ Hp. Mul. 1.75, Dsc. 5.79, Gal. 12.218; patina on bronze statues, ὅπως καθαρὸς ἰοῦ ἔσται ὁ ἀνδριάς SIG 284.15 (Chios, iv B.C.), cf. Plu. 2.395b. (Perh. identical with ἰός B.)
ἰός, ἰοῦ, ὁ (on its very uncertain derivation see Kreussler in Passow, under the word; Curtius, § 591; (Vanicek, p. 969));
1. poison (of animals): ἰός ἀσπίδων ὑπό τά χείλη αὐτῶν, the poison of asps is under their lips, spoken of men given to reviling and calumniating and thereby injuring others, Romans 3:13 (from Psalm 139:3
2. rust: James 5:3; (Ezekiel 24:6, 11f; Baruch 6:11, 23 (Epistle Jeremiah 12, 24); Theognis, Theocritus, Plato, Theophrastus, Polybius, Lucian, others).
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ἰός , -οῦ , ὁ ,
[in LXX: Ezekiel 24:6; Ezekiel 24:11-12 (H2457), Psalms 140:3 (H2534), al.;]
1. an arrow.
2. rust (Ez, l.c.): James 5:3 (cf. MM, Exp., xv).
3. poison: fig., Romans 3:13 (Ps. l.c.), James 3:8.†
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
Syll 587.810 (B.C. 329) σίδηρος καταβεβρωμένος ὑπὸ τοῦ ἰοῦ illustrates the special sense of ";rust,"; found in James 5:3 : cf. ib. 139.15 (iii/B.C.) ὅπως δὲ καθαρὸς [ἰ ]οῦ ἔσται ὁ ἀνδρίας. . . ἐπιμελεῖσθαι τοὺς ἀγορανόμους. The more general sense is seen in P Tebt II. 273.16 (ii/iii A.D.) ε ̣ἰοῦ Κυπρί [ου ] (δραχμὴ) α ̄, similarly .37, in medical prescriptions for the eyes.
As against Grimm’s ";very uncert. deriv."; the word is obviously cognate with the Latin virus (Zend viš–, v̯ša–, skr. višam : see Boisacq, p. 379).
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
