Semi-Jewish sect found on the Bosporus in the first Christian century and in Asia Minor down to the fourth century. They worshiped God under the name of ÎÎµá½¸Ï Î¥ÏιÏÎ¿Ï Î Î±Î½ÏοκÏάÏÏÏ (the Most High and Almighty One), observed the Sabbath and some of the dietary laws, but not circumcision, and cherished a certain pagan veneration for fire and light, earth and sun, without observing, however, any idolatrous rite (see Gregory Nazienzen, "Oratio," 18:5; Gregory of Nyssa, "Contra Eunomium," p. 2). They are probably related to, if not identical with, the Massalians ("Meáºallin"), or the Euchomenoi, or Euphemitai, "the God-worshipers, who also worshiped the Almighty God at the blaze of many lights" (Epiphanius, "Panarion, Hæresis," 80:1-3), and the so-called CÅlicolæ ("worshipers of heaven": "yire'e shamayim") mentioned in "Codex Theodosianus," 16:5,43; 8, 19. They were undoubtedly a remnant of Jewish proselytes who retained a few pagan notions, but were regarded as hostile to Christian doctrines.