Periodical published in Germany in the first half of the nineteeth century. It first appeared, from Oct., 1839, up to Oct., 1841, as a monthly in Meiningen. It was then enlarged and issued weekly in Herzfeld from 1842 to June, 1848; and at Frankfort in 1845 as the organ of the Frankfort Reformverein. A literary supplement was issued in 1846. Mendel Hess, a rabbi active in the Reform movement, was the editor, and S. Holdheim joined him during the last months of the paper's existence, January to June, 1848. This periodical was noted for its advanced theological standpoint and for its polemical attacks on Orthodoxy.