Polish painter; born at Lodz 1866. He studied at the Academy of Cracow from 1881 to 1885, and completed his studies at Munich (1885-89). He began his artistic career with the paintings "Urania" and "Yeszybolen," for which he received a silver medal at the Paris Exposition of 1889. In Paris he assimilated with the French school, the result being seen in his "Esther and Haman." Returning to Cracow in 1891, he produced "Silence of the Field," a Jewish cemetery being the subject. Since 1893 he has resided in his native town, Lodz. Among his later paintings are "A Little Conference," which won a silver medal at the Berlin Exposition, and "Sabbath Peace," awarded the first prize at Warsaw and Cracow (1894). He has since produced his greatest work, "The Wandering Jew," which was warmly praised at the Paris Exposition of 1900.