a Lutheran theologian of Germany, was born at Nuremberg, October 20, 1748. He studied at Altdorf, commenced his ministerial career in 1769, was in 1783 professor of theology at Jena, in 1793 pastor at his native city, and died March 27, 1814. He wrote, De Duratione Panarum Infernalium, etc. (Altdorf, 1783): — De Paenarum Divinarum vi Emendatrice (eod.). Besides a number of ascetical works and sermons, he also published the third edition of Doderlein's Summa Institutionis Theologi Christiani (1793). See Doring, Die gelehrten Theologen Deutschlands, s.v.; Zuchold, Bibl. Theol. 1:634; Winer, Handbuch der theol. Lit. 1:23, 298; 2:280. (B.P.)