was the sub-dean or one of the priests in ordinary of the chapel royal, who read daily prayers to the household, visited the sick, and prepared persons for holy communion. The dean of the royal chapel, Stirling, who was always bishop of Glasgow or Dunblane, was the Scottish king's confessor, and the bishop of Chichester was confessor to the king of England. At St. Paul's cardinals acted as confessors. The confessor of the papal household was a Servite. (See PENITENTIARY).