was born in 1694 at Konigsberg. where he acquired his first knowledge of the Oriental languages under Abraham Wolf. In 1726 he was called to St. Petersburg to fill the chair of Greek and Roman antiquities. He died Feb. 21, 1798. Among bis numerous works are the following —
1. Historia congregationis Cardinalium de Propaganda Fide (Petersburg, 1721, 4to; a satire against the Church of Rome): —
2. Vindiciae verborum Christi, Eli, Eli, Lama Sabacthani (1717, 4to): —
3. Historia Regni Graecorum Bactriani, etc. (1737); and many works relating to Chinese and Oriental literature. — Biog. Univ. 3, 603.