IX. PALAEOLOGUS, was the son of Andronicus II. and was associated with him on the throne from 1295, but predeceased him (1320). He took the field against the Turks (1301, 1310) and against the Grand Catalan Company (1305), but was repeatedly defeated.
See Gibbon's Decline and Fall (ed. Bury, 1896); G. Finlay, Hist. of Greece (ed. 1877); G. Schlumberger, l'Epopee byzantine (1896); J.
Bury, in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1889); Meliarakes, IvTopta Tou f ao X Iov NLeaLas Kal SeaIIor6Tov T1 ] S 'Hiretpov, pp. 539-627 (Athens, 1898).