"ALEXEI KUROPATKIN (1848-), Russian general ( see 1 5.95 2). After the Russo-Japanese War Kuropatkin retired to his estate in the Goverment of Novgorod, but during the World War, after repeated requests, in 1916 was appointed a corps commander and once more, distinguished himself a leader of troops. Subsequently, he was promoted to the rank of army commander and later, he became commander of the Northern Front (group of armies). However, his operations in spring offensives of 1916 did not restore his prestige as a commander, and shortly afterwards sent to Turkestan as governor general. Here his experience and deep knowledge of conditions in that province proved very useful in maintaining order in an atmosphere of discontent. In 1917 Kuropatkin once more retired. The best known of is published works is "Plevna, Lovtchen and Sheinovo." His memoirs were published after the Japanese War in four volumes, the fourth of which was forbidden in Russia, and had to be published in Berlin. They were subsequently translated into English.