denotes "offscouring, refuse" (lit., "cleanings," i.e., that which is thrown away in cleansing; from perikathairo, "to purify all around," i.e., completely, as in the Sept. of Deuteronomy 18:10; Joshua 5:4 .) It is once used in the Sept. (Proverbs 21:18 ) as the price of expiation; among the Greeks the term was applied to victims sacrificed to make expiation; they also used it of criminals kept at the public expense, to be thrown into the sea, or otherwise killed, at the outbreak of a pestilence, etc. It is used in 1 Corinthians 4:13 much in this sense (not of sacrificial victims), "the filth of the world," representing "the most abject and despicable men" (Grimm-Thayer), the scum or rubbish of humanity.
denotes "dirt, filth," 1 Peter 3:21 . Cp. rhuparia, "filthiness" (see A, No. 2, below); rhuparos, "vile," James 2:2; Revelation 22:11 , in the best mss. (see B, No. 3, below); rhupoo, "to make filthy," Revelation 22:11; rhupaino (see D below).