Glasgow, Scotland, founded by William Turnbull, Bishop of Glasgow, and erected by Bull of Pope Nicholas V, 1450, as a studium generale, with faculties of theology, arts, canon and civillaw, after the pattern of the papal university of Bologna; the bishop and his successors were to be ex-officio chancellore. At its inception most of the students were ecclesiastics, largely of the Friars Preachers. Bishop William Elphinstone, David Cardinal Beaton, and James Beaton, Archbishop of Glasgow, were illustrious scholars. The university occupied a site on High Street, 1460-1870, to which Mary Queen of Scots contributed 13 acres; it was almost completely destroyed at the Reformation. It reopened under Protestant control with a new charter by James VI, 1577. It moved, 1870, to Gilmore Hill, a commanding site, where it occupies a fine Early English structure with central tower and spire designed by Sir G. Gilbert Scott. It is coeducational, having incorporated Saint Margaret's College for women, 1893; it includes faculties of arts, science and engineering, medicine, theology, law; there is an observatory.