(Latin: semtus, the sixth)
Reigned from April 24, 1585 to August 27, 1590. Born on December 13, 1521 in Grottamare, Italy as Felice Peretti Montalto; died in Rome, Italy on August 27, 1590. A Friar Minor, he was counsellor to the Holy Office, Bishop of Sant Agata dei Goti; cardinal. During his pontificate he exterminated the bandits in the Papal States; rearranged the papal finances; fixed the number of cardinals at seventy; and established 15 permanent Congregations. A patron of art, he built the Lateran Palace, completed the Quirinal, enlarged the Sapienza, raised the obelisk of the Vatican, restored the columns of Trajan and Antoninus Pius, and erected the Vatican Library, with its printing office.