Reigned from 468 to 483. Born in Italy; died in Rome. His pontificate, which saw the Western Empire fall under barbarian control, was disturbed by the Monophysite controversy in the East. He defended the independence of the Church against the encroachments of the Emperor Zeno, who sought to have his Henotikon recognized by Rome in 482; upheld the authority of the pope in matters of faith, in opposition to the future schismatic patriarch, Acacius; condemned Peter Mongus, Fullo, Paul of Ephesus, and John of Apamea; and built four churches in Rome. Feast, Roman Calendar, March 2,.