Born on September 6, 1656 at Brive-la-Gaillarde, France; died on August 10, 1723 at Versailles, France. Son of a physician. Educated by the Brothers of the Christian Doctrine. Tutor to the Duke of Orleans. He violated this position of trust, encouraged every bad element in the duke, corrupting him and securing his own power. Seeing the Church as a means of further power, he intrigued his way to being archbishop of Cambrai, the richest diocese in France. Created cardinal in 1721 following long negotiations and further intrigue. Prime minister of France in 1722. Though an able administrator, he was consumed by his own ambition, and shamed his clerical positions.