Author: Peter was also called Simon (Acts 15:14; 2 Peter 1:1) and was born at Bethsaida (John 1:44). His father was Jonas, or John (Matthew 16:17; John 1:42) and with him Peter and his brother Andrew carried on the trade of fishing at Capernaum where he lived (Matthew 8:14) and where his wife’s mother also lived (1 Corinthians 9:5).
His brother Andrew brought him to Christ and Jesus gave him the name ’Peter’ or Hebrew "Cephas’ (John 1:40-42). He became a leader among the disciples and one of the inner-circles of Jesus’ apostles. Christ gave to him the keys to open the kingdom on the day of Pentecost to the Jews (Acts 2) and to the Gentiles (Acts 10) with the conversion of Cornelius.
Background of the Letter: From reading the epistle it is evident there was a persecution upon the Christians under way. The persecution of Nero as described by the Roman historical Tacitus seems to best answer the situation. This came in the middle of the AD 60’s. Paul was killed in this persecution and the epistle seems to have been written about this time.
The Recipients: The letter is addressed to Christians in the central and northern provinces of Asia Minor. It is addressed to the elect who are sojourners of the dispersion. It is apparent that the readers were Christians of both Jewish and Gentile background ( 1 Peter 1:14; 1 Peter 2:9-10; 1 Peter 4:3-5). Peter looked upon the scattered Christians as sojourners upon earth and as dispersed among the nations. It is likely that because of Nero’s persecution many Christians had been forced to seek safety in the provinces Peter mentions.
Place of Writing and Date: In 1 Peter 5:13 Peter refers to "Babylon" and sends salutations to the saints to whom he was writing so that we get the impression that Peter was in Babylon when the letter was written. A great deal of speculations has been engaged in as to whether or not this was literal Babylon, the city on the Euphrates River, or whether the term, Babylon, symbolically refers to the city of Rome or some other place of great persecution. There are a great many scholars who hold to both these views.
There is no reason, however, to interpret this passage figuratively. A passage should be interpreted literally unless the type of literature, context, or other weighty evidence indicates otherwise. Babylon is said to have been a large city with a good size Jewish population during the first century. (The city was not actually destroyed and deserted until the end of the third century.)
The date for the composition of First Peter is generally believed to be about AD 64 or 65. The persecution is probably that which was instigated by Nero in his rage against Christians following the fire at Rome in July of AD 64. According to tradition Peter was martyred in Rome about AD 65-67.
THE MESSAGE OF FIRST PETER
Theme: The idea of "suffering" occurs 26 times in the book. Peter writes to encourage these saints who are suffering in the midst of persecution. Note how he would encourage them:
I. HE SPEAKS OF THEM AS A SAVED PEOPLE ch 1
Salvation of one’s soul is of utmost importance--
A. It was Planned by God (v.1 Peter 1:2)
Salvation was enjoyed not as an afterthought but by God’s forethought, thus according to his plan or purpose.
B. It was Prophesied in the Old Testament (vs.1 Peter 1:10-12)
God’s plan was prophesied that Christ was to suffer and to enter into his glory.
C. It was Preached by the Apostles (v.12)
D. It was Purchased with the Blood of Jesus (vs. 18-19)
They were not redeemed by corruptible things.
E. It is Predicated upon Obedience (vs. 22-23)
Their souls were purified by obedience.
II. THEY ARE A SEPARATE PEOPLE ch 2
A. They are Separate by Birth - (1 Peter 1:23;1 Peter 2:5)
Their birth was one that made them different, but it was not their fleshly birth, but their new birth.
B. They are Separate by Belief -1 Peter 2:7
What they believed made them different from others.
C. They are Separate by Behavior -1 Peter 2:11
To abstain from things detrimental to the soul.
III. HE WILL SPEAK OF THEM AS A SUBMISSIVE PEOPLE ch 3 (Three areas where essential)
A. In their Martial Responsibility -1 Peter 3:1-7
The duty and demeanor of the wife-- she is to be in subjection to the husband. He is to be a man of consideration and concern for his wife.
B. In their Mutual Responsibilities -1 Peter 3:8-17
C hristians are to have proper aims and attitudes in our contact with other people.
Cultivate right attitude v.8 -- control self v.9-12 -- maintain courage and confidence v.13-14 -- firm conviction v.15 --
C. In their Missionary Responsibilities - 1pet
Imitate Christ’s concern for the lost even if the lost don’t always respond in a positive way.
IV. THEY ARE A SUFFERING PEOPLE ch 4
A. Suffering can be Expected -1 Peter 4:1-6
Christians should expect persecution as Christ received.
B. Suffering can be Easier -1 Peter 4:7-11
There are some things that will cushion the blow.
-- keep a cool head (v.7)
-- keep a warm heart (v.8)
-- keep open houses (v.9)
-- keep ready hand (v.10)
-- keep truthful tongues (v.12)
C. Suffering can be Endured -1 Peter 4:13-19
Look back and see how Christ endured.
-- Keep your perspective (v.12)
-- keep your peace (vs. 1 Peter 4:13-14)
-- keep your purity (v.15)
-- keep your pride (v.16)
-- keep your poise (vs.17-19)
V. THEY ARE TO BE STEADFAST ch 5
In closing, Peter is aware of their struggles. He encourages them to remain firm and steadfast. What will help them? --
A. Leadership that is Strong -1 Peter 5:1-4
Peter an elder talking to elders and he knew that strong leadership is needed if the church remains steadfast. With respect to leadership Peter speaks of:
-- respect that elevates (v.1)
-- restrictions that regulate (vs.2-3)
-- regard that dominates (v.2-3)
-- rewards that motivates (v.4)
B. Loyalty that is True -1 Peter 5:5-9
Satan will attempt to destroy their faith. They are to realize the danger yet resist all efforts of the devil.
C. Love that is Sincere -1 Peter 5:10-14
I n brotherly love Peter closes epistle and sends greetings. All should encourage one another and be warm in our love. (1 Peter 5:14; cf. 1 Peter 1:22).
Conclusion: Such an epistle would help one to endure the cross in order to obtain the crown. Yes, they are saved, separated, submissive and suffering, however, they must remain steadfast.
SERMON OUTLINE
THE SUFFERING OF THE SAINTS
1 Peter 1:6-9
Introduction:
1. The people to whom Peter wrote were God’s elect because they had obeyed the gospel of Christ (1 Peter 1:2; 2 Thessalonians 1:1-14).
2. As God’s elect they had an inheritance (1 Peter 1:5).
3. As God’s chosen ones they rejoice in salvation (1 Peter 1:6)
4. Problem: Why do the saints suffer?
I. The Fact of Christian Suffering
A. All that live godly shall suffer (2 Timothy 3:12).
1. Jesus suffered (John 15:20; 1 Peter 2:21-24). / (1 Peter 4:16)
2. One who suffers as a Christian should not be ashamed.
B. Why do the saved suffer?
1. By a physical body the Christian is connected to a world where there is suffering, disease, death, and accidents.
2. A sinful world does not appreciate godliness, and will react by inflicting physical and/or mental suffering upon the saved (1 Peter 4:1-5).
3. Satan causes suffering (1 Peter 5:8; see Job 1) / Matthew 1:1 f
4. Some inflict suffering upon those obeying Christ
II. The Nature Of The Trials
A. Manifold trials - 1 Peter 1:1:
This refers to kinds of trials and not to numbers; persecutions, deprivation, hardships, difficulties, etc.
B. Fiery trials - 1 Peter 1:7;
Some trials are fierce (Luke 12:50; Matthew 26:39);
Life during time of Nero was difficult (1 Peter 1:1-20; 1 Peter 3:14 f)
C. Temporary trials -- 1 Peter 1:6;
Life’s trials are "but for a moment" (2 Corinthians 4:17); suffering as a Christian is but for "a little while" (1 Peter 5:10).
III. The Value of Suffering
A. Trials test and reveal true nature of one’s faith. (Cf. Abraham in Genesis 22:11, Genesis 22:12). Peter uses the figure of removing the impurities from gold by fire (1 Peter 1:7). Trial of faith works patience (steadfastness) James 1:2-3.
B. Trials may arouse one to greater service -- Psalms 119:67, Psalms 119:71
C. Trials enable one to help others who suffer (2 Corinthians 1:3-4)
CONCLUSION:
1. It is important to develop and maintain a Christian attitude in the midst of suffering.
2. The importance of attitude: the same sun that melts wax hardens clay.
3. Rejoice because of heavenly reward -- Matthew 5:11-12.
- - - - - - - -
Resources: See sermon book by James Meadows
Recipients: Gentile Christians, 1 Peter 1:18; 1 Peter 2:10 ff; 1 Peter 4:10
Date: AD 63-67, probably AD 65.
Key Word: "Suffering"; 15 x; idea = 26x. (Seven different Greek words used for "suffering."
Key Verse: 1 Peter 4:16
Theme: Comfort for Suffering Christians. Grace in the midst of suffering - 1 Peter 5:10-12.
Verse Comments:
1 Peter 1:1
Apostle = "one sent"
Strangers = "sojourners, exiles" dispersion, Resident alien; Gentiles also, 1 Peter 1:14; 1 Peter 2:9-10; 1 Peter 4:3-5
To Christians, Jews and Gentiles, sojourning here on earth - 1 Peter 1:17, 1 Peter 2:11.
Message: The Message is about HOPE, 1 Peter 1:13. 1 Peter 3:15
God and Father -- the same language as in 2 Corinthians 1:3; Ephesians 1:3; and part of it in 2 Corinthians 11:31; Romans 15:6. See John 20:17 for similar language by Jesus. See MSB
Great mercy -- Paul’s phraseology would be "rich in mercy" Ephesians 2:4, but the thought seems the same.
Begotten us again -- regeneration, 1 Peter 1:22. Great key-words in this verse.
born again: New birth is a way of describing Christian conversion (cp. John 3:1-13; James 1:18; 1 John 2:29; 1 John 3:9; 1 John 4:7; 1 John 5:1, 1 John 5:4, 1 John 5:18). This Greek word, which occurs again in 1:23, brackets the message of ch 1. NLTSB
Peter may be connecting “born again” to through the resurrection of Jesus Christ, meaning that the new birth was made possible because God thought of those who believe in Christ as being united to him in his resurrection (cf. Romans 6:3-5; Ephesians 1:19-20; Ephesians 2:5-6; Colossians 3:1). Or he may be linking the resurrection to the living hope. ESVSB
Lively -- living, a key word. Sure, certain, real.
Hope -- Many popular writers have called Paul the apostle of faith, John the apostle of love, and Peter the apostle of hope. They have done so because of the dominant emphasis each of these writers made in the New Testament. - Constable
The “hope” of v. 3 is now described as an inheritance, which in the OT typically describes the Promised Land and Israel’s place in it (Numbers 32:19; Deuteronomy 2:12; Deuteronomy 12:9; Deuteronomy 25:19; Deuteronomy 26:1; Joshua 11:23; Psalms 105:11). But the OT inheritance points ahead to an even greater inheritance, reserved in heaven for the people of the new covenant. - ESVSB
inheritance -- Peter showed those persecuted Christians how to look past their troubles to their eternal inheritance. - MSB
Three Greek words with the same beginning sound and ending syllable describe the inheritance.
Incorruptible -- Can’t be destroyed by hostile forces. Will not pass away with decay.
Imperishable -- Nothing can tarnish or extinguish that inheritance.
Undefiled -- will not spoil like overripe fruit. Unpolluted, unstained with evil.
Fadeth -- will not fade in color. "Fading" was often used of flowers that wither and decay. The Gk word "amarantos" referred to the mythological flower that was always in colorful bloom.
Reserved -- under watchful custody.
This inheritance is guarded in heaven, and as such it is untouched by troubles in this life. - NIVZSB
Kept -- by faith -- The ones receiving the inheritance are guarded, (like a military guard), kept in the stockade of faith. Garrisoned within a city.
until you receive this salvation -- In the NT, salvation often refers to final rescue from sin and death at the time of Christ’s return. This hope encourages believers to persevere to the end (see also 1 Peter 1:9, 1 Peter 1:10; 1 Peter 2:2; 1 Peter 4:18). - NLTSB
The apostle did not say that the elect will inevitably continue in faith, namely, continue to believe the truth of the gospel. Paul also warned that Christians can stop believing the truth (e.g., 1 Timothy 4:1; 2 Timothy 2:17-18). Rather Peter said that God’s power keeps believers saved in spite of their sins. In this sense we never lose our faith.
There is much misunderstanding about the Bible’s teaching concerning the perseverance of the saints. It does not teach that Christians will inevitably continue to persevere in the faith, that is continue believing the truth, walking with the Lord, and doing good works. It does teach that God will persevere in His commitment to bring all who have trusted in Him to heaven. If someone asks me if I believe in the perseverance of the saints, I ask them what they mean by the perseverance of the saints. If they mean that a believer is eternally secure, I say that I believe that. If they mean that a believer will inevitably follow God faithfully to the end of his or her life, even with occasional lapses, I say I do not believe that. - Constable, T. (2003). Tom Constable’s Expository Notes on the Bible (1 Peter 1:5)
Manifold -- varied; many colored; Gk = "poikilos" ="pokidot". Only other time it is used is in 1 Peter 4:10 of the grace of God. Point: Our troubles are matched by God’s grace.
trials -- . “Trials” (Gr. peirasmois, the same kind of trials James wrote about in James 1:2, et al.) are all kinds of tests that challenge our fidelity to God’s will. - Constable
“Peirasmos here means not the inner wrestling with evil inclination, but undeserved sufferings from outside the person who is distressed by them.”
- Charles Bigg, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Epistles of St. Peter and St. Jude, p. 103.
various trials -- Peter teaches several important principles about trouble in this verse: 1) trouble does not last (“little while”); 2) trouble serves a purpose (“if need be”); 3) trouble brings distress (“grieved”); 4) trouble comes in various forms (“various trials”); and 5) trouble should not diminish the Christian’s joy (“greatly rejoice”). - MSB
Peter realizes that joy is mingled with grief as Christians in Asia Minor suffer various trials. Little while denotes the whole of their earthly life before they inherit future salvation. if necessary. These sufferings are God’s will for his people, so that their faith might be purified and shown to be genuine. Such faith has a great reward, for at the revelation (that is, the return) of Jesus Christ, honor and praise will belong both to Christians and to Christ. - ESVSB
genuineness of your faith -- God’s purpose in allowing trouble is to test the reality of one’s faith. But the benefit of such a testing, or “fire,” is immediately for the Christian, not God. When a believer comes through a trial still trusting the Lord, he is assured that his faith is genuine (cf. Genesis 22:1-12; Job 1:20-22). - MSB
tested by fire -- Possibly refers to imperial persecution under the reign of Nero, - FSB
praise, honor, and glory -- one understands praise and glory and honor here as being given by God to the faithful Christian. The phrase could also mean that a faithful Christian life brings praise and glory and honor to God.
revelation of Jesus Christ -- The revelation or unveiling of Christ refers to His second coming, particularly focusing on the time when He comes to call and reward His redeemed people (cf. 1 Peter 1:13; 1 Peter 4:13; 1 Corinthians 1:7), -- (1 Thessalonians 4:13-18). - MSB
Love -- "agapa" John 20:29, a noble deliberate love. High esteem, respect, venerate.
Joy is not reserved only for the future when Jesus will be clearly seen at his revelation (v. 7). Even now, his followers love him, believe in him, and rejoice with an inexpressible joy. The end result is eternal salvation—the completion of God’s saving work. - ESVSB
Even though we will experience joy when we see the Lord we can experience joy now too because we have hope (v. 3), faith (v. 7), and love (v. 8). - Constable
the end of your faith -- the ultimate goal of faith, salvation.
... we are waiting to receive the full salvation of eternal glory in the redemption of our bodies (Romans 8:23). MSB
salvation of your souls -- The Greek word translated souls often refers to the whole person and not just to some part or aspect of the person (Matthew 20:28; Mark 8:35). Salvation affects our whole person, not the inner person only. - NLTSB
The Greek word translated “souls” (psychon) refers to our persons, namely, the whole beings God has saved (cf. Mark 3:4; Mark 8:34-37; Romans 13:1; 1 Thessalonians 1:8; James 1:21; James 5:20; - Constable
Do they mean one thing to you and another thing to me? NO
Scripture means what God meant it to mean. Its meaning is not dependent on what you or I think. Truth is not subjective, but is according to the mind of God.
Spirit of Christ -- the Holy Spirit, speaking through the prophets. cf Romans 8:9; Philippians 1:19;
Jesus Christ, in the person of the Holy Spirit, took up residence within the writers of the OT, enabling them to write about the glorious salvation to be concummated in the future (2 Peter 1:19-21). - MSB
Verses 13-15 -- Christians are to be Holy. --Key thought.
Gird up --
Be sober -- Re: decision making.
A. In marriage -- sacred, faithful; 1 Peter 3:1-7
B. Business -- 1 Peter 2:1, 1 Peter 2:14 honesty, Romans 12:17; industrious, 2 Thessalonians 3:10
C. Recreation -- 1 Peter 4:2-5; Matthew 6:33, Matthew 5:14-16
D. As Christians -- 1 Peter 2:5, 1 Peter 4:14
E. To Government -- 1 Peter 2:13-17
the grace to be brought -- Christ’s future ministry of glorifying Christians and giving them eternal life in His presence will be the final culmination of the grace initiated at salvation (cf. Eph. 2:7). - MSB
at the revelation of Jesus Christ -- The Lord’s second coming in judgment at the resurrection day.
Holy -- sanctified, set apart for God. Different, separate from all uncleanness and evil.
See Leviticus 11:44-45; Leviticus 19:2; Leviticus 20:7. That God’s people must be holy as God is holy is a common refrain in Scripture (see also Ezekiel 20:12; Ephesians 1:4; 1 Thessalonians 4:3; Revelation 22:11).
Redeemed -- Sin is bondage, 2 Peter 2:19, we are "ramsoned" from it by the payment of Christ’s life (His blood).
“Redemption” was a technical term for money paid to buy back a prisoner of war. -MSB
Our redemption was purchased not with money, but with Jesus’ blood, i.e., by his death (Matthew 20:28; Mark 10:45; John 1:29; 1 Corinthians 5:7; Ephesians 1:7; Hebrews 9:15; Revelation 5:9). - NIVSB
Sinners are in the worse form of bondage.
1) Life is vain - 1 Peter 1:18.
2) Lives in ignorance - 1 Peter 1:14
3) Dominated by desire (lusts) - 1 Peter 1:14.
Your -- Gentile-like
Traditions.. something handed down orally; good if from God, 2 Thessalonians 3:6, but bad is they descent from man’s own heart Mark 7:8.
Blood of Christ -- Price Heaven paid to free men from sin.
without blemish and without spot -- The lambs that were offered in sacrifice to God were to be such. This then also speaks to the sinless life of Christ, the passover lamb, Isaiah 53:7. cf Hebrews 4:14-16; Hebrews 7:26-28
Foreordained -- What was "foreordained" or "predestined" was that men would be set free from sin by the blood of Christ. The "method" of redemption, not the "individuals", that some would be given the opportunity to be saved and others not Titus 2:11. Not individual predestination.
God planned for redemption even before he created the world. He knew ahead of time that Christ’s death would redeem his people ... NIVZSB
Christ’s death was not an afterthought (cf. Genesis 3:15; Psa_22;Isa. 53; Mark 10:45; Acts 2:23; Acts 3:18; Acts 4:28; Acts 13:29). Jesus came to die! - Utley
Manifest..1 Timothy 3:16, 1 John 1:1-2.
last times -- The "last times" of the Mosaical dispensation. The "last days" of the Jewish nation and the temple rituals in Jerusalem. (Judges 1:18)
However, many commentaries define it this way: "The last times are the times of the Messiah, from His first coming to His second coming (cf. Acts 2:17; 1 Timothy 4:1; 1 John 2:18)." - MSB
Thus they would have it refer to the entire "Christian dispensation".
“who raised Him from the dead” This shows God’s approval of Jesus’ life and death. This is a recurrent theme of Peter (cf. Acts 2:24–28, 32, 3:15, 26; 4:10; 5:30; 10:40; 1 Pet. 1:13, 3:18, 21, and Paul, Acts 13:30, 33, 34, 37; 17:31; Rom. 4:24, 8:11; 10:9; 2 Cor. 4:14). This was confirmation of the Father’s acceptance of the Son’s substitutionary death (cf. 1 Cor. 15). Theologically all three persons of the Trinity were active in Christ’s resurrection: the Father (Acts 2:24; 3:15; 4:10; 5:30; 10:40; 13:30, 33, 34; 17:31); the Spirit (Rom. 8:11); and the Son (John 2:19–22; 10:17–18). - Utley
gave Him glory -- God, through the ascension, returned Christ to the glory that He had with Him before the world began (cf. Luke 24:51-53; John 17:4-5; Acts 1:9-11; Philippians 2:9-11; Hebrews 1:1-3; Hebrews 2:9). - MSB
Souls -- * Note about "souls". G5590 ψυχή psuchē
Thayer Definition:
1) breath
1a) the breath of life
2) the soul
2a) the seat of the feelings, desires, affections, aversions (our heart, soul etc.)
2b) the (human) soul in so far as it is constituted that by the right use of the aids offered it by God it can attain its highest end and secure eternal blessedness, the soul regarded as a moral being designed for everlasting life
2c) the soul as an essence which differs from the body and is not dissolved by death (distinguished from other parts of the body)
Part of Speech: noun feminine
- - -
Strongs Definition: : ψυχή psuchē psoo-khay’
From G5594; breath, that is, (by implication) spirit, abstractly or concretely
- - - -
Souls --
1) Reality of the soul (eternal spirit) is affirmed - 1 Peter 1:22.
2) Needs saving - 1 Peter 1:9.
3) Fleshly lusts war against - 1 Peter 2:11.
4) Jesus, the Bishop and Shepherd of - 1 Peter 2:25.
5) God created - 1 Peter 4:19.
Souls Immortal
1) Soul = heart - 1 Peter 1:22.
Heart = soul - James 4:8.
2) Heart incorruptible, therefore, the soul is immortal - 1 Peter 3:4.
- - - - -
purified your souls -- Obedience to the truth issues in a personal purging (cf. James 4:8; 1 John 3:3).
Recalls ritual purification washing practiced in Judaism at the time. These washings dealt only with external matters, whereas the purification Christ offers includes the whole person - FSB
Obeying the truth -- is paralleled in the next verse with Being born again.1 Peter 1:23. Obedience is a strong theme in Peter’s epistle.
It refers to receiving the gospel (i.e. truth, cf. John 17:17; 2 Thessalonians 2:12) and walking in it.
Unfeigned -- sincere, (without acting) [English "sincere" from Latin, "without wax", stamped on valuable pottery or sculpture. Showing that broken pieces had not be reclaimed from the dumps by vandals and held together with only wax.
love of the brethren -- The first use of “love” in this phrase is in a compound Greek word philadelphia (brotherly love). ... The second is agapao.
love one another -- The love indicated by Peter is the love of choice, the kind of love that can respond to a command.
Fervently -- full tension on the heart strings; "stretching" not loosely. “Fervently” means to stretch to the limits (cf. Luke 22:44; Acts 12:5; also Luke 10:27 ff.).
Obeying the truth of the gospel of Jesus Christ requires a moral transformation that means believers are to love each other sincerely (John 13:34-35; Romans 12:9; 1 Thessalonians 4:9-10). - NIVZSB
Word -- endures forever -- v.22 incorruptible; Mark 13:31.
In “the word (rhêma) of the Lord” we have a different term from the Logos of verse 23. But the two are used interchangeable here and in Hebrews 1:3; Hebrews 6:5; Hebrews 11:3; Ephesians 6:17.
endureth foreverc -- Like its author it is eternal and never loses its power.
preached -- The Greek word used here, euangelizo, describes the proclamation of good news and often references the gospel in the NT. - FSB
Bibliographical Information Gann, Windell. "Commentary on 1 Peter 1". Gann's Commentary on the Bible. https://studylight.org/commentaries/eng/gbc/1-peter-1.html. 2021.
Verse 1
Book Comments:
1 Peter 1:1 FIRST PETER
Walking Thru The Bible
FIRST PETER
Introduction
Author: Peter was also called Simon (Acts 15:14; 2 Peter 1:1) and was born at Bethsaida (John 1:44). His father was Jonas, or John (Matthew 16:17; John 1:42) and with him Peter and his brother Andrew carried on the trade of fishing at Capernaum where he lived (Matthew 8:14) and where his wife’s mother also lived (1 Corinthians 9:5).
His brother Andrew brought him to Christ and Jesus gave him the name ’Peter’ or Hebrew "Cephas’ (John 1:40-42). He became a leader among the disciples and one of the inner-circles of Jesus’ apostles. Christ gave to him the keys to open the kingdom on the day of Pentecost to the Jews (Acts 2) and to the Gentiles (Acts 10) with the conversion of Cornelius.
Background of the Letter: From reading the epistle it is evident there was a persecution upon the Christians under way. The persecution of Nero as described by the Roman historical Tacitus seems to best answer the situation. This came in the middle of the AD 60’s. Paul was killed in this persecution and the epistle seems to have been written about this time.
The Recipients: The letter is addressed to Christians in the central and northern provinces of Asia Minor. It is addressed to the elect who are sojourners of the dispersion. It is apparent that the readers were Christians of both Jewish and Gentile background ( 1 Peter 1:14; 1 Peter 2:9-10; 1 Peter 4:3-5). Peter looked upon the scattered Christians as sojourners upon earth and as dispersed among the nations. It is likely that because of Nero’s persecution many Christians had been forced to seek safety in the provinces Peter mentions.
Place of Writing and Date: In 1 Peter 5:13 Peter refers to "Babylon" and sends salutations to the saints to whom he was writing so that we get the impression that Peter was in Babylon when the letter was written. A great deal of speculations has been engaged in as to whether or not this was literal Babylon, the city on the Euphrates River, or whether the term, Babylon, symbolically refers to the city of Rome or some other place of great persecution. There are a great many scholars who hold to both these views.
There is no reason, however, to interpret this passage figuratively. A passage should be interpreted literally unless the type of literature, context, or other weighty evidence indicates otherwise. Babylon is said to have been a large city with a good size Jewish population during the first century. (The city was not actually destroyed and deserted until the end of the third century.)
The date for the composition of First Peter is generally believed to be about AD 64 or 65. The persecution is probably that which was instigated by Nero in his rage against Christians following the fire at Rome in July of AD 64. According to tradition Peter was martyred in Rome about AD 65-67.
THE MESSAGE OF FIRST PETER
Theme: The idea of "suffering" occurs 26 times in the book. Peter writes to encourage these saints who are suffering in the midst of persecution. Note how he would encourage them:
I. HE SPEAKS OF THEM AS A SAVED PEOPLE ch 1
Salvation of one’s soul is of utmost importance--
A. It was Planned by God (v. 1 Peter 1:2 )
Salvation was enjoyed not as an afterthought but by God’s forethought, thus according to his plan or purpose.
B. It was Prophesied in the Old Testament (vs. 1 Peter 1:10-12)
God’s plan was prophesied that Christ was to suffer and to enter into his glory.
C. It was Preached by the Apostles (v.12)
D. It was Purchased with the Blood of Jesus (vs. 18-19)
They were not redeemed by corruptible things.
E. It is Predicated upon Obedience (vs. 22-23)
Their souls were purified by obedience.
II. THEY ARE A SEPARATE PEOPLE ch 2
A. They are Separate by Birth - (1 Peter 1:23; 1 Peter 2:5)
Their birth was one that made them different, but it was not their fleshly birth, but their new birth.
B. They are Separate by Belief - 1 Peter 2:7
What they believed made them different from others.
C. They are Separate by Behavior - 1 Peter 2:11
To abstain from things detrimental to the soul.
III. HE WILL SPEAK OF THEM AS A SUBMISSIVE PEOPLE ch 3 (Three areas where essential)
A. In their Martial Responsibility - 1 Peter 3:1-7
The duty and demeanor of the wife-- she is to be in subjection to the husband. He is to be a man of consideration and concern for his wife.
B. In their Mutual Responsibilities - 1 Peter 3:8-17
C hristians are to have proper aims and attitudes in our contact with other people.
Cultivate right attitude v.8 -- control self v.9-12 -- maintain courage and confidence v.13-14 -- firm conviction v.15 --
C. In their Missionary Responsibilities - 1pet
Imitate Christ’s concern for the lost even if the lost don’t always respond in a positive way.
IV. THEY ARE A SUFFERING PEOPLE ch 4
A. Suffering can be Expected - 1 Peter 4:1-6
Christians should expect persecution as Christ received.
B. Suffering can be Easier - 1 Peter 4:7-11
There are some things that will cushion the blow.
-- keep a cool head (v.7)
-- keep a warm heart (v.8)
-- keep open houses (v.9)
-- keep ready hand (v.10)
-- keep truthful tongues (v.12)
C. Suffering can be Endured - 1 Peter 4:13-19
Look back and see how Christ endured.
-- Keep your perspective (v.12)
-- keep your peace (vs. 1 Peter 4:13-14)
-- keep your purity (v.15)
-- keep your pride (v.16)
-- keep your poise (vs.17-19)
V. THEY ARE TO BE STEADFAST ch 5
In closing, Peter is aware of their struggles. He encourages them to remain firm and steadfast. What will help them? --
A. Leadership that is Strong - 1 Peter 5:1-4
Peter an elder talking to elders and he knew that strong leadership is needed if the church remains steadfast. With respect to leadership Peter speaks of:
-- respect that elevates (v.1)
-- restrictions that regulate (vs.2-3)
-- regard that dominates (v.2-3)
-- rewards that motivates (v.4)
B. Loyalty that is True - 1 Peter 5:5-9
Satan will attempt to destroy their faith. They are to realize the danger yet resist all efforts of the devil.
C. Love that is Sincere - 1 Peter 5:10-14
I n brotherly love Peter closes epistle and sends greetings. All should encourage one another and be warm in our love. (1 Peter 5:14; cf. 1 Peter 1:22).
Conclusion: Such an epistle would help one to endure the cross in order to obtain the crown. Yes, they are saved, separated, submissive and suffering, however, they must remain steadfast.
SERMON OUTLINE
THE SUFFERING OF THE SAINTS
1 Peter 1:6-9
Introduction:
1. The people to whom Peter wrote were God’s elect because they had obeyed the gospel of Christ (1 Peter 1:2; 2 Thessalonians 1:1-14).
2. As God’s elect they had an inheritance (1 Peter 1:5).
3. As God’s chosen ones they rejoice in salvation (1 Peter 1:6)
4. Problem: Why do the saints suffer?
I. The Fact of Christian Suffering
A. All that live godly shall suffer (2 Timothy 3:12).
1. Jesus suffered (John 15:20; 1 Peter 2:21-24). / (1 Peter 4:16)
2. One who suffers as a Christian should not be ashamed.
B. Why do the saved suffer?
1. By a physical body the Christian is connected to a world where there is suffering, disease, death, and accidents.
2. A sinful world does not appreciate godliness, and will react by inflicting physical and/or mental suffering upon the saved (1 Peter 4:1-5).
3. Satan causes suffering (1 Peter 5:8; see Job 1) / Matthew 1:1 f
4. Some inflict suffering upon those obeying Christ
II. The Nature Of The Trials
A. Manifold trials - 1 Peter 1:1:
This refers to kinds of trials and not to numbers; persecutions, deprivation, hardships, difficulties, etc.
B. Fiery trials - 1 Peter 1:7;
Some trials are fierce (Luke 12:50; Matthew 26:39);
Life during time of Nero was difficult (1 Peter 1:1-20; 1 Peter 3:14 f)
C. Temporary trials -- 1 Peter 1:6;
Life’s trials are "but for a moment" (2 Corinthians 4:17); suffering as a Christian is but for "a little while" (1 Peter 5:10).
III. The Value of Suffering
A. Trials test and reveal true nature of one’s faith. (Cf. Abraham in Genesis 22:11, Genesis 22:12). Peter uses the figure of removing the impurities from gold by fire (1 Peter 1:7). Trial of faith works patience (steadfastness) James 1:2-3.
B. Trials may arouse one to greater service -- Psalms 119:67, Psalms 119:71
C. Trials enable one to help others who suffer (2 Corinthians 1:3-4)
CONCLUSION:
1. It is important to develop and maintain a Christian attitude in the midst of suffering.
2. The importance of attitude: the same sun that melts wax hardens clay.
3. Rejoice because of heavenly reward -- Matthew 5:11-12.
- - - - - - - -
Resources: See sermon book by James Meadows
Recipients: Gentile Christians, 1 Peter 1:18; 1 Peter 2:10 ff; 1 Peter 4:10
Date: AD 63-67, probably AD 65.
Key Word: "Suffering"; 15 x; idea = 26x. (Seven different Greek words used for "suffering."
Key Verse: 1 Peter 4:16
Theme: Comfort for Suffering Christians. Grace in the midst of suffering - 1 Peter 5:10-12.
Verse Comments:
1 Peter 1:1
Apostle = "one sent"
Strangers = "sojourners, exiles" dispersion, Resident alien; Gentiles also, 1 Peter 1:14; 1 Peter 2:9-10; 1 Peter 4:3-5
To Christians, Jews and Gentiles, sojourning here on earth - 1 Peter 1:17, 1 Peter 2:11.
Message: The Message is about HOPE, 1 Peter 1:13. 1 Peter 3:15
Verse 2
Election -- either condition or unconditional.
1) If unconditional, then salvation wholly an act of God and universal salvation. 1 Timothy 2:4; 2 Peter 3:9
2) Is God unwilling to save or unable? Matthew 7:13-14
3) Salvation is conditional -- 2 Thessalonians 2:13-14; 2 Thessalonians 1:7-9.
Elect.. "chosen" "selected" Chosen because of new birth.
Foreknowledge -- progress
Unto obedience -- John 17:17
Sprinkling of the blood -- Divine side of salvation. John 17:17.
Verse 3
Blessed -- "Eulogy", Praise, Doxology.
God and Father -- the same language as in 2 Corinthians 1:3; Ephesians 1:3; and part of it in 2 Corinthians 11:31; Romans 15:6. See John 20:17 for similar language by Jesus. See MSB
Great mercy -- Paul’s phraseology would be "rich in mercy" Ephesians 2:4, but the thought seems the same.
Begotten us again -- regeneration, 1 Peter 1:22. Great key-words in this verse.
born again: New birth is a way of describing Christian conversion (cp. John 3:1-13; James 1:18; 1 John 2:29; 1 John 3:9; 1 John 4:7; 1 John 5:1, 1 John 5:4, 1 John 5:18). This Greek word, which occurs again in 1:23, brackets the message of ch 1. NLTSB
Peter may be connecting “born again” to through the resurrection of Jesus Christ, meaning that the new birth was made possible because God thought of those who believe in Christ as being united to him in his resurrection (cf. Romans 6:3-5; Ephesians 1:19-20; Ephesians 2:5-6; Colossians 3:1). Or he may be linking the resurrection to the living hope. ESVSB
Lively -- living, a key word. Sure, certain, real.
Hope -- Many popular writers have called Paul the apostle of faith, John the apostle of love, and Peter the apostle of hope. They have done so because of the dominant emphasis each of these writers made in the New Testament. - Constable
Verse 4
The “hope” of v. 3 is now described as an inheritance, which in the OT typically describes the Promised Land and Israel’s place in it (Numbers 32:19; Deuteronomy 2:12; Deuteronomy 12:9; Deuteronomy 25:19; Deuteronomy 26:1; Joshua 11:23; Psalms 105:11). But the OT inheritance points ahead to an even greater inheritance, reserved in heaven for the people of the new covenant. - ESVSB
inheritance -- Peter showed those persecuted Christians how to look past their troubles to their eternal inheritance. - MSB
Three Greek words with the same beginning sound and ending syllable describe the inheritance.
Incorruptible -- Can’t be destroyed by hostile forces. Will not pass away with decay.
Imperishable -- Nothing can tarnish or extinguish that inheritance.
Undefiled -- will not spoil like overripe fruit. Unpolluted, unstained with evil.
Fadeth -- will not fade in color. "Fading" was often used of flowers that wither and decay. The Gk word "amarantos" referred to the mythological flower that was always in colorful bloom.
Reserved -- under watchful custody.
This inheritance is guarded in heaven, and as such it is untouched by troubles in this life. - NIVZSB
Verse 5
Kept -- by faith -- The ones receiving the inheritance are guarded, (like a military guard), kept in the stockade of faith. Garrisoned within a city.
until you receive this salvation -- In the NT, salvation often refers to final rescue from sin and death at the time of Christ’s return. This hope encourages believers to persevere to the end (see also 1 Peter 1:9, 1 Peter 1:10; 1 Peter 2:2; 1 Peter 4:18). - NLTSB
The apostle did not say that the elect will inevitably continue in faith, namely, continue to believe the truth of the gospel. Paul also warned that Christians can stop believing the truth (e.g., 1 Timothy 4:1; 2 Timothy 2:17-18). Rather Peter said that God’s power keeps believers saved in spite of their sins. In this sense we never lose our faith.
There is much misunderstanding about the Bible’s teaching concerning the perseverance of the saints. It does not teach that Christians will inevitably continue to persevere in the faith, that is continue believing the truth, walking with the Lord, and doing good works. It does teach that God will persevere in His commitment to bring all who have trusted in Him to heaven. If someone asks me if I believe in the perseverance of the saints, I ask them what they mean by the perseverance of the saints. If they mean that a believer is eternally secure, I say that I believe that. If they mean that a believer will inevitably follow God faithfully to the end of his or her life, even with occasional lapses, I say I do not believe that. - Constable, T. (2003). Tom Constable’s Expository Notes on the Bible (1 Peter 1:5)
Verse 6
Manifold -- varied; many colored; Gk = "poikilos" ="pokidot". Only other time it is used is in 1 Peter 4:10 of the grace of God. Point: Our troubles are matched by God’s grace.
trials -- . “Trials” (Gr. peirasmois, the same kind of trials James wrote about in James 1:2, et al.) are all kinds of tests that challenge our fidelity to God’s will. - Constable
“Peirasmos here means not the inner wrestling with evil inclination, but undeserved sufferings from outside the person who is distressed by them.”
- Charles Bigg, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Epistles of St. Peter and St. Jude, p. 103.
various trials -- Peter teaches several important principles about trouble in this verse: 1) trouble does not last (“little while”); 2) trouble serves a purpose (“if need be”); 3) trouble brings distress (“grieved”); 4) trouble comes in various forms (“various trials”); and 5) trouble should not diminish the Christian’s joy (“greatly rejoice”). - MSB
Peter realizes that joy is mingled with grief as Christians in Asia Minor suffer various trials. Little while denotes the whole of their earthly life before they inherit future salvation. if necessary. These sufferings are God’s will for his people, so that their faith might be purified and shown to be genuine. Such faith has a great reward, for at the revelation (that is, the return) of Jesus Christ, honor and praise will belong both to Christians and to Christ. - ESVSB
Verse 7
genuineness of your faith -- God’s purpose in allowing trouble is to test the reality of one’s faith. But the benefit of such a testing, or “fire,” is immediately for the Christian, not God. When a believer comes through a trial still trusting the Lord, he is assured that his faith is genuine (cf. Genesis 22:1-12; Job 1:20-22). - MSB
tested by fire -- Possibly refers to imperial persecution under the reign of Nero, - FSB
praise, honor, and glory -- one understands praise and glory and honor here as being given by God to the faithful Christian. The phrase could also mean that a faithful Christian life brings praise and glory and honor to God.
revelation of Jesus Christ -- The revelation or unveiling of Christ refers to His second coming, particularly focusing on the time when He comes to call and reward His redeemed people (cf. 1 Peter 1:13; 1 Peter 4:13; 1 Corinthians 1:7), -- (1 Thessalonians 4:13-18). - MSB
Verse 8
Love -- "agapa" John 20:29, a noble deliberate love. High esteem, respect, venerate.
Joy is not reserved only for the future when Jesus will be clearly seen at his revelation (v. 7). Even now, his followers love him, believe in him, and rejoice with an inexpressible joy. The end result is eternal salvation—the completion of God’s saving work. - ESVSB
Even though we will experience joy when we see the Lord we can experience joy now too because we have hope (v. 3), faith (v. 7), and love (v. 8). - Constable
Verse 9
the end of your faith -- the ultimate goal of faith, salvation.
... we are waiting to receive the full salvation of eternal glory in the redemption of our bodies (Romans 8:23). MSB
salvation of your souls -- The Greek word translated souls often refers to the whole person and not just to some part or aspect of the person (Matthew 20:28; Mark 8:35). Salvation affects our whole person, not the inner person only. - NLTSB
The Greek word translated “souls” (psychon) refers to our persons, namely, the whole beings God has saved (cf. Mark 3:4; Mark 8:34-37; Romans 13:1; 1 Thessalonians 1:8; James 1:21; James 5:20; - Constable
Verse 10
Note the similarity of 1Peter with Peter’s sermons in Acts.
They dealt with the death, burial, and resurrection of Christ.
1 Peter 1:10-12; * 1 Peter 1:18-21; 1 Peter 2:21-23; 1 Peter 3:18, 1 Peter 3:21-24 compared with Acts 2:20-31; Acts 3:13-14; Acts 10:45.
Jesus is the head of His church by virtue of His resurrection and ascension to God’s right hand.
grace -- Some interpreters have seen the phrase “the grace that would come to you” as a reference to the salvation of Gentiles. - Constable
Verse 11
Point: What do the Scriptures mean?
Do they mean one thing to you and another thing to me? NO
Scripture means what God meant it to mean. Its meaning is not dependent on what you or I think. Truth is not subjective, but is according to the mind of God.
Spirit of Christ -- the Holy Spirit, speaking through the prophets. cf Romans 8:9; Philippians 1:19;
Jesus Christ, in the person of the Holy Spirit, took up residence within the writers of the OT, enabling them to write about the glorious salvation to be concummated in the future (2 Peter 1:19-21). - MSB
Verse 12
Powerful claim of INSPIRATION!
[See WMNT #2 for sermon outline "Five Reasons to Live Right."
Look -- "to stoop and look" intently, Luke 24:12.
into which angels desire to look -- Peter seems to indicate that angels are curious about matters of grace (v. 10) and the gospel. - FSB
Verse 13
Verses 13-15 -- Christians are to be Holy. --Key thought.
Gird up --
Be sober -- Re: decision making.
A. In marriage -- sacred, faithful; 1 Peter 3:1-7
B. Business -- 1 Peter 2:1, 1 Peter 2:14 honesty, Romans 12:17; industrious, 2 Thessalonians 3:10
C. Recreation -- 1 Peter 4:2-5; Matthew 6:33, Matthew 5:14-16
D. As Christians -- 1 Peter 2:5, 1 Peter 4:14
E. To Government -- 1 Peter 2:13-17
the grace to be brought -- Christ’s future ministry of glorifying Christians and giving them eternal life in His presence will be the final culmination of the grace initiated at salvation (cf. Eph. 2:7). - MSB
at the revelation of Jesus Christ -- The Lord’s second coming in judgment at the resurrection day.
Verse 14
Obedient -- God’s children are obeyers , cf. 1 Peter 1:22, 1 Peter 1:2.
Fashioning yourselves -- Heathens fashion their gods according to themselves. God fashions us to Him.
Verse 15
But -- contrast. (God fashions us to Him.)
Hath called you -- God’s purpose in calling us is to make us holy. 2 Thessalonians 2:14.
Holy -- sanctified, set apart for God.
Conversation -- "conduct, behavior", "Living"
Verse 16
Ephesians 5:1 ASV; Romans 12:1-2; James 1:27.
Holy -- sanctified, set apart for God. Different, separate from all uncleanness and evil.
See Leviticus 11:44-45; Leviticus 19:2; Leviticus 20:7. That God’s people must be holy as God is holy is a common refrain in Scripture (see also Ezekiel 20:12; Ephesians 1:4; 1 Thessalonians 4:3; Revelation 22:11).
Verse 17
If you call -- Another way of waying, "if you are a Christian."
Father -- Blessing of this relationship - "impartial."
without partiality -- God judges the works of all His children fairly.
Work -- a reference back to "obedience" in v.14, 1 Peter 1:14.
Sojourning -- Linking reference to Israel in Egypt (?). So they "sojourned" in Egypt, our life on earth is a "sojourn", our real home is "heaven."
Fear -- respect and devotion.
Verse 18
Redeemed -- Sin is bondage, 2 Peter 2:19, we are "ramsoned" from it by the payment of Christ’s life (His blood).
“Redemption” was a technical term for money paid to buy back a prisoner of war. -MSB
Our redemption was purchased not with money, but with Jesus’ blood, i.e., by his death (Matthew 20:28; Mark 10:45; John 1:29; 1 Corinthians 5:7; Ephesians 1:7; Hebrews 9:15; Revelation 5:9). - NIVSB
Sinners are in the worse form of bondage.
1) Life is vain - 1 Peter 1:18.
2) Lives in ignorance - 1 Peter 1:14
3) Dominated by desire (lusts) - 1 Peter 1:14.
Your -- Gentile-like
Traditions.. something handed down orally; good if from God, 2 Thessalonians 3:6, but bad is they descent from man’s own heart Mark 7:8.
Verse 19
Precious -- Because of value and efficacy.
Blood of Christ -- Price Heaven paid to free men from sin.
without blemish and without spot -- The lambs that were offered in sacrifice to God were to be such. This then also speaks to the sinless life of Christ, the passover lamb, Isaiah 53:7. cf Hebrews 4:14-16; Hebrews 7:26-28
Verse 20
Foreordained -- What was "foreordained" or "predestined" was that men would be set free from sin by the blood of Christ. The "method" of redemption, not the "individuals", that some would be given the opportunity to be saved and others not Titus 2:11. Not individual predestination.
God planned for redemption even before he created the world. He knew ahead of time that Christ’s death would redeem his people ... NIVZSB
Christ’s death was not an afterthought (cf. Genesis 3:15; Psa_22; Isa. 53; Mark 10:45; Acts 2:23; Acts 3:18; Acts 4:28; Acts 13:29). Jesus came to die! - Utley
Manifest.. 1 Timothy 3:16, 1 John 1:1-2.
last times -- The "last times" of the Mosaical dispensation. The "last days" of the Jewish nation and the temple rituals in Jerusalem. (Judges 1:18)
However, many commentaries define it this way: "The last times are the times of the Messiah, from His first coming to His second coming (cf. Acts 2:17; 1 Timothy 4:1; 1 John 2:18)." - MSB
Thus they would have it refer to the entire "Christian dispensation".
Verse 21
“who raised Him from the dead” This shows God’s approval of Jesus’ life and death. This is a recurrent theme of Peter (cf. Acts 2:24–28, 32, 3:15, 26; 4:10; 5:30; 10:40; 1 Pet. 1:13, 3:18, 21, and Paul, Acts 13:30, 33, 34, 37; 17:31; Rom. 4:24, 8:11; 10:9; 2 Cor. 4:14). This was confirmation of the Father’s acceptance of the Son’s substitutionary death (cf. 1 Cor. 15). Theologically all three persons of the Trinity were active in Christ’s resurrection: the Father (Acts 2:24; 3:15; 4:10; 5:30; 10:40; 13:30, 33, 34; 17:31); the Spirit (Rom. 8:11); and the Son (John 2:19–22; 10:17–18). - Utley
gave Him glory -- God, through the ascension, returned Christ to the glory that He had with Him before the world began (cf. Luke 24:51-53; John 17:4-5; Acts 1:9-11; Philippians 2:9-11; Hebrews 1:1-3; Hebrews 2:9). - MSB
Verse 22
Souls -- * Note about "souls". G5590ψυχή
Thayer Definition:
1) breath
1a) the breath of life
2) the soul
2a) the seat of the feelings, desires, affections, aversions (our heart, soul etc.)
2b) the (human) soul in so far as it is constituted that by the right use of the aids offered it by God it can attain its highest end and secure eternal blessedness, the soul regarded as a moral being designed for everlasting life
2c) the soul as an essence which differs from the body and is not dissolved by death (distinguished from other parts of the body)
Part of Speech: noun feminine
- - -
Strongs Definition: :ψυχή
From G5594; breath, that is, (by implication) spirit, abstractly or concretely
- - - -
Souls --
1) Reality of the soul (eternal spirit) is affirmed - 1 Peter 1:22.
2) Needs saving - 1 Peter 1:9.
3) Fleshly lusts war against - 1 Peter 2:11.
4) Jesus, the Bishop and Shepherd of - 1 Peter 2:25.
5) God created - 1 Peter 4:19.
Souls Immortal
1) Soul = heart - 1 Peter 1:22.
Heart = soul - James 4:8.
2) Heart incorruptible, therefore, the soul is immortal - 1 Peter 3:4.
- - - - -
purified your souls -- Obedience to the truth issues in a personal purging (cf. James 4:8; 1 John 3:3).
Recalls ritual purification washing practiced in Judaism at the time. These washings dealt only with external matters, whereas the purification Christ offers includes the whole person - FSB
Obeying the truth -- is paralleled in the next verse with Being born again. 1 Peter 1:23. Obedience is a strong theme in Peter’s epistle.
It refers to receiving the gospel (i.e. truth, cf. John 17:17; 2 Thessalonians 2:12) and walking in it.
Unfeigned -- sincere, (without acting) [English "sincere" from Latin, "without wax", stamped on valuable pottery or sculpture. Showing that broken pieces had not be reclaimed from the dumps by vandals and held together with only wax.
love of the brethren -- The first use of “love” in this phrase is in a compound Greek word philadelphia (brotherly love). ... The second is agapao.
love one another -- The love indicated by Peter is the love of choice, the kind of love that can respond to a command.
Fervently -- full tension on the heart strings; "stretching" not loosely. “Fervently” means to stretch to the limits (cf. Luke 22:44; Acts 12:5; also Luke 10:27 ff.).
Obeying the truth of the gospel of Jesus Christ requires a moral transformation that means believers are to love each other sincerely (John 13:34-35; Romans 12:9; 1 Thessalonians 4:9-10). - NIVZSB
Verse 23
Being born again -- John 3:3, James 1:18.
Verse 22 (the previous verse) indicate what Peter is here describing as " being born again" i.e. "obeying the truth" 1 Peter 1:22.
A family metaphor describing how we become Christians through faith in Christ and obedience to His word (truth, John 17:17.)
Word of God -- Mark 13:31. Contrasted with earthly things which perishes.
God’s Word:
1) Called "the truth: - v. 22 -- to be obeyed.
2) "Incorruptible seed" v. 22, 23 - produces life.
3) "Gospel" v. 25 1 Peter 1:25, to be believed, Romans 1:16, cf. 1 Corinthians 15:1-2.
4) "Milk" 1 Peter 2:2, nourishes spiritual life.
Verse 24
1:24–25 In these two verses, Peter quotes Isaiah 40:6-8
The passage is quoted almost verbally from the LXX.
For -- while the soul is incorruptible and immortal, the flesh is temporal, and like the dandelion (a flower of the grass) it is short lived.
Verse 25
1 Peter 1:25
Word -- endures forever -- v.22 incorruptible; Mark 13:31.
In “the word (rhêma) of the Lord” we have a different term from the Logos of verse 23. But the two are used interchangeable here and in Hebrews 1:3; Hebrews 6:5; Hebrews 11:3; Ephesians 6:17.
endureth foreverc -- Like its author it is eternal and never loses its power.
preached -- The Greek word used here, euangelizo, describes the proclamation of good news and often references the gospel in the NT. - FSB