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Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #5509 - χιτών
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- a tunic, an undergarment, usually worn next to the skin, a garment, a vestment
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χῐτών,
in Ion. Prose κῐθών, ῶνος, ὁ (also prob. in Sammelb. 4291), Dor. κῐτών (q. v.): —
garment worn next the skin, tunic. I in early times, only of a man's tunic (the woman's being πέπλος, Sch.BT Il. 2.42), χιτῶνα περὶ χροΐ δῦνεν Od. 15.60; κιθῶνας ὑποδύνειν τοῖσι εἵμασι Hdt. 1.155: sts. with a girdle, Od. 14.72; τερμιόεις 19.242, Hes. Op. 537; μαλακός, ἐΰννητος, Od. 1.437, Il. 24.580; [ χ.] λαμπρός.. ἠέλιος ὥς Od. 19.234; χλαῖνάν τε χιτῶνά τε 14.132, 154; οἱ δ' ἀροτῆρες ἤρεικον χθόνα δῖαν ἐπιστολάδην δὲ χιτῶνας ἐστάλατ' Hes. Sc. 287.
2. later worn also by women, ἅμα κιθῶνι ἐκδυομένῳ συνεκδύεται καὶ τὴν αἰδῶ γυνή Hdt. 1.8; σύροισα χιτῶνα Theoc. 2.73; the Ionian sleeved χ. was distd. fr the Dorian, fastened with περόναι, μετέβαλον [αἱ τῶν Ἀθηναίων γυναῖκες] ἐς τὸν λίνεον κ. ἵνα δὴ περόνῃσι μὴ χρέωνται Hdt. 5.87; οἱ πρεσβύτεροι [τῶν Ἀθηναίων] οὐ πολὺς χρόνος ἐπειδὴ χιτῶνας λινοῦς ἐπαύσαντο φοροῦντες Th. 1.6, cf. Eust. 954.50; χ. ποδήρης, ὀρθοστάδιος, στατός (v. sub vocc.); κιθὼν ποδηνεκής, worn by Babylonians, Hdt. 1.195; κιθῶνες λίνεοι περὶ τὰ σκέλεα θυσανωτοί, worn by Egyptians, Id. 2.81; κιθῶνες εἰρίνεοι, worn by Cilicians, Id. 7.91; dub. in E. IT 288 (pl.).
II coat of mail, prob. of leather covered with scales or rings, στρεπτὸς χ. Il. 5.113; χ. χάλκεος 13.439; κιθῶνες χειριδωτοὶ λεπίδος σιδηρέης coats of iron scales with sleeves, Hdt. 7.61 (s. v.l.): but distd. fr. θώρηξ Id. 9.22, cf. X. Cyr. 6.4.1.
III part of a shoe that coats the foot, upper, ib. 8.2.5 (pl.), Arist. Rh. 1392a31. metaph., any coat, case, or covering, λάϊνος χιτών (v. λάϊνος) τειχέων κιθῶνες, i. e. walls, Hdt. 7.139; in Anatomy, coat, membrane, τὸν ἀμφὶ τὴν ὄψιν χ. Hp. VM 19, cf. Aph. 7.45, Epicur. Nat. 2.993.1; ὁ.. χ. τῆς καρδίας Arist. Resp. 480a4; χ. ὑμενώδης, ἀραχνιώδης, Id. PA 679a1, HA 557b16; τοῦ ᾠοῦ οἱ χ. οἱ περιέχοντες ib. 561a14; of foetal membranes, Sor. 1.7, 58, al.; τριγλοφόροι χιτῶνες, of fishing-nets, Revelation 6:11 (Satyr.); χιτῶνες ἀραχνίων spiders' webs, Hp. Int. 3: pl., pods or coats of seeds, bulbous roots, etc., Thphr. HP 1.12.3, 8.4.1, CP 1.4.1, al.
2. vesture, [ φύσις] σαρκῶν ἀλλογνῶτι περιστέλλουσα (sc. ψυχάς) χιτῶνι Emp. 126; σῶμα χ. ψυχῆς IG 14.2241: pl., προσθέσει χιτώνων ἐνυλοτέρων, of the soul, Procl. Inst. 209. (Accad. kitinnu 'linen garment', Hebr. kètônet 'tunic'; χεθὼν γὰρ τὸ λίνον ἡμεῖς καλοῦμεν J. AJ 3.7.2.)
χιτών, χιτῶνος, ὁ, from Homer down, the Sept. for כֻּתֹּנֶת and כְּתֹנֶת, a tunic, an undergarment, usually worn next the skin: Matthew 10:10; Mark 6:9; Luke 3:11; Luke 9:3; Jude 1:23; it is distinguished from τό ἱμάτιον (which see 2) or τά ἱμάτια in Matthew 5:40; Luke 6:29; John 19:23; Acts 9:39; universally, a garment, vestment (Aeschylus suppl. 903), plural (Plutarch, Tib. Gracch. 19), Mark 14:63. (Cf. Rich, Dict. of Antiq. under the word Tunica; and references under the word ἱμάτιον, as above.)
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χιτών , ῶνος , ὁ ,
[in LXX chiefly for H3801:]
the garment worn next the skin (though two tunics were sometimes worn, v. Swete, Mk., 117), a tunic: Matthew 10:10, Mark 6:9; Mark 14:63, Luke 3:11; Luke 9:3, Judges 1:23; dieting. from ἱμάτιον (q.v.), Matthew 5:40, Luke 6:29, John 19:23, Acts 9:39 (v. DCG, i, 338, 340, 499).
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
(1) ";an hour"; : P Oxy II. 235.7 (A.D. 20–50) ὥρᾳ τετάρτῃ τῆς νυκτός, P Ryl II. 234.3 (ii/A.D.) ὡρᾷ α ̄, ";at the first hour,"; P Hamb I. 96.3 (date of a horoscope—A.D. 145) ὀγδόου Ἀντωνείνου Φαρμοῦτι κατ᾽ ἀρχαίους ιδ ̄ ὥρᾳ τρίτῃ νυκτός, P Ryl II.IO9.11 (A.D. 235) τῇ κ ̄η ̄ τοῦ ὄντος Μεσορὴ μηνὸς ὥρας ἀρχομένης τετάρτης, and P Oxy IX, 1214.7 (v/A.D.) ὥρ (ας) ζ ̄, ";at 7 o’clock."; With ἡ ὥρα = ";the fatal hour,"; as in Matthew 26:45, cf. P Leid Wvii. 27 (ii/iii A.D.) (= II.p.103) βοήθησον ἐν ἀνάγκαις, ἐλεήμων ἐν ὥραις βιαίος (l. βιαίαις).
(2) As the hour was the shortest period of time known to the ancients, ὥρα came to be used much as we use ";in one second,";"; in one moment,"; ";instantly,"; e.g. P Tebt II. 411.1 (ii/A.D.) ἅμα τῷ λαβεῖν μου τὴν ἐπιστολὴν αὐτῇ ὥρᾳ ἄνελθε, ";immediately after receiving my letter, come up instantly"; (Edd.), and similarly P Oxy IX. 1193.2 (iv/A.D.) : cf. Luke 2:38, and for the added significance that this usage gives to Revelation 17:12 see Ramsay Teaching, p. 57. In P Iand I. 421 (vi/A.D.) ὥρᾳ = ";now"; stands alone : the editor can supply no parallel. For the ace. denoting a point of time, as in John 4:52, Revelation 3:3, cf. BGU IV. 1079.11 (A.D. 41) (= Selections p. 39) ἀκολούθει δὲ Πτολλαρίωνι πᾶσαν ὥραν, ";stick to Ptollarion constantly,"; and see Proleg. pp. 63, 245.
(3) The word = ";age"; inP Lond 24.11 (B.C. 163) (= I.p.32, UPZ i. p.117), where a mother represents that her daughter Tathemis has reached the age when circumcision was usual—τὴν Ταθῆμιν ὥραν ἔχειν ὡς ἔθος ἐστὶ [ν ] τοῖς Αἰγυπτίοις περι [[τε ]]τέμνεσθαι, and similarly in P Ryl II. 101.6 (A.D. 63) a request for the examination of a youth—ὥραν [ἔχοντα τῆς εἰς το ]ὺς ἐφή [β ]ους εἰσκρίσεως, ";having reached the age for admission as an ephebus"; (Edd.).
For prepositional phrases we may cite the following—P Oxy III. 523.4 (ii/A.D.) (=a Selections, p. 97) an invitation to dinner ἐν τοῖς Κλαυδ (ίου) Σαραπίω (νος) τῆι ις ̄ ἀπὸ ὥρας θ ̄, ";in the house of Claudius Serapion on the 16th at 9 o’clock"; : ib. VI. 935.17 (iii/A.D.) διὸ γ ̣[ράφ ]ω σοι. . . διὰ ὥρας γράφ [ῃς ] μο [ι ] π [ε ]ρὶ τούτου, ";I write to you therefore to ask you to write to me at once about him (?)"; (Edd.) : ib. I. 41.29 (iii/iv A.D.) ἰς (l. εἰς) ὥρας πᾶσι τοῖς τὴν πόλιν φιλοῦσιν, ";Hurrah for all who love the city"; (Edd.) : BGU IV. 1208.41 (B.C. 27–26) ἐν τῆι ὥραι ἐπεχώρ ̣ησεν : P Oxy XVI. 1844.1 (vi/vii A.D.) εὐθέως καὶ κατ᾽ αὐτὴν τὴν ὥραν, ";immediately and at the very moment"; : P Lips I. 105.7 (i/ii A.D.) (= Chrest. I. p. 276) ὃν μετὰ μίαν ὥραν πέμψω, ";which (sc. ";a reckoning";) I shall send within an hour"; : P Oxy IV. 804 (horoscope—A.D. 4) περὶ ὥρα (ν) γ ̄ τῆς ἡμέρα (ς), ib, VII. 1114.24 (A.D. 237) περὶ ὥραν τρίτην, ";at the third hour of the day"; (Ed.) : P Gen I. 52.4 (c. A.D. 346) χαρτίον καθαρὸν μὴ εὑρὼν πρὸς τὴν ὥραν εἰς τοῦ [τ ]ον ̣ ἔγραψα, ";not having found a clean sheet of paper at the moment, I wrote on this"; : and P Oxy II. 396 (late i/A.D.) ἐπεὶ δὲ μετρίως εἶχε ὑπὸ τὴν ὥραν ἐνεσημάνθη οὐκ εἴσχυσέ σοι γρ [ά ]ψαι.
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