the Week of Proper 28 / Ordinary 33
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Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #4396 - προφήτης
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- in Greek writings, an interpreter of oracles or of other hidden things
- one who, moved by the Spirit of God and hence his organ or spokesman, solemnly declares to men what he has received by inspiration, especially concerning future events, and in particular such as relate to the cause and kingdom of God and to human salvation
- the OT prophets, having foretold the kingdom, deeds and death, of Jesus the Messiah.
- of John the Baptist, the herald of Jesus the Messiah
- of the illustrious prophet, the Jews expected before the advent of the Messiah
- the Messiah
- of men filled with the Spirit of God, who by God's authority and command in words of weight pleads the cause of God and urges salvation of men
- of prophets that appeared in the apostolic age among Christians
- they are associated with the apostles
- they discerned and did what is best for the Christian cause, foretelling certain future events. (Acts 11:
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- in the religious assemblies of the Christians, they were moved by the Holy Spirit to speak, having power to instruct, comfort, encourage, rebuke, convict, and stimulate, their hearers
- a poet (because poets were believed to sing under divine inspiration)
- of Epimenides (Tit. 1:
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this Strong's Number
προφήτ-ης, ου,
Dor. and Boeot. προφάτας [ ᾱ], α, Pi. (v. infr.), Corinn. Supp. 2.68: ὁ· ( πρό, φημί ): — prop. one who speaks for a god and interprets his will to man, Διὸς π. interpreter, expounder of the will of Zeus, of Tiresias, Pi. N. 1.60; Βάκχου π., perh. of Orpheus, E. Rh. 972; [ Διονύσου] π., of the Bacchae, Id. Ba. 551 (lyr.); Νηρέως π., of Glaucus, Id. Or. 364; esp. of the Delphic Apollo, Διὸς π. ἐστὶ Λοξίας πατρός A. Eu. 19; of the minister and interpreter at Delphi, Hdt. 8.36, 37; at the Ptoön, ib. 135, IG 7.4135.13 (ii B.C.); cf. προφῆτις .
2. title of official keepers of the oracle at Branchidae, CIG 2884, al., Supp.Epigr. 1.426 (Milet., i A.D. ); elsewhere, IG 14.961, 1032, 1084, 2433 ( Massilia ), 9(2).1109.22 (Coropa, ii/i B.C. ), etc. in Egyptian temples, member of the highest order of the clergy, priest, π. θεῶν Εὐεργετῶν PTeb. 6.3 (ii B.C.), cf. OGI 56.59 (Canopus, iii B.C. ), etc.
3. interpreter, expounder of the utterances of the μάντις (q.v.), Pl. Ti. 72a: hence, of Poets, Πιερίδων π. Pi. Pae. 6.6; Μουσᾶν π. B. 8.3, cf. Pl. Phdr. 262d .
4. possessor of oracular powers, of Amphiaraus, A. Th. 611, cf. Ag. 409 (lyr.); of Pseudo-Bacis, Ar. Av. 972; of Epimenides, Ep.Titus 1:12 .
5. generally, interpreter, declarer, ἐγὼ π. σοι λόγων γενήσομαι E. Ba. 211; π. ἀτόμων, of the Epicureans, Ath. 5.187b; τῶν Πύρρωνος λόγων, of Timon, S.E. M. 1.53; spokesman, LXX Exodus 7:1 . metaph., proclaimer, harbinger, κώμου προφάτας, of the wine-bowl, Pi. N. 9.50; δείπνου π. λιμός Antiph. 217.23; φθόης π. Pl.Com. 184.4; τέττιξ . . θέρεος γλυκὺς π. Anacreont. 32.11 .
II herald at the games, B. 9.28 (pl.).
III in LXX, revealer of God's will, prophet, 1 Samuel 9:9,al.: — hence,
2. in NT, inspired preacher and teacher, organ of special revelations from God, 1 Corinthians 12:28, Cor. 14.32; and (as comprised in this), foreteller, prophet of future events, Acts 2:30, Acts 3:18; Acts 3:21; 2 Peter 3:2 .
3. herbalist, Ps.- Dsc. 1.10, al.; quack doctor, Gal. 16.761.
προφήτης, προφήτου, ὁ (προφημι, to speak forth, speak out; hence, properly, 'one who speaks forth'; see πρό, d. ἆ.), the Sept. for נָבִיא (which comes from the same root as
I. In Greek writings from Aeschylus, Herodotus, and Pindar down:
1. an interpreter of oracles (whether uttered by the gods or the μάντεις), or of other hidden things.
2. a foreteller, soothsayer, seer.
II. In the N. T.
1. "one who, moved by the Spirit of God and hence, his organ or spokesman, solemnly declares to men what he has received by inspiration, especially future events, and in p*articular such as relate to the cause and kingdom of God and to human salvation. The title is applied to a. the O. T. prophets" — and with allusion to their age, life, death, deeds: Matthew 5:12; Matthew 12:39; Matthew 13:17; Matthew 23:29-31; Mark 6:15; Luke 4:27; Luke 10:24; Luke 11:47; Luke 13:28; John 8:52, 55 Acts 3:25; Acts 7:52; Acts 13:20; Romans 11:3; 1 Thessalonians 2:15; Hebrews 11:32; James 5:10; appeal is made to their utterances as having foretold the kingdom, deeds, death, of Jesus the Messiah: Matthew 1:22; Matthew 2:5, 15, 17, 23; Matthew 3:3; Matthew 4:14; Matthew 8:17; Matthew 11:13; Matthew 12:17; Matthew 13:35; Matthew 21:4; Matthew 24:15; Matthew 26:56; Matthew 27:9; Mark 13:14 Rec.; Luke 1:70; Luke 3:4; Luke 4:17; Luke 18:31; Luke 24:25; John 1:23, 45(46);
b. John the Baptist, the herald of Jesus the Messiah: Matthew 21:26; Mark 6:15; Mark 11:32; Luke 1:76; Luke 20:6, whom Jesus declares to be greater than the O. T. prophets, because in him the hope of the Jews respecting Elijah as the forerunner of the Messiah was fulfilled: Matthew 11:9-11, 14 (cf. Matthew 17:11, 12; Mark 9:12f); Luke 7:28 (R G T Tr brackets).
c. That illustrious prophet whom the Jews (apparently on the ground of Deuteronomy 18:15) expected to arise just before the Messiah's advent: John 1:21, 25; John 7:40. those two illustrious prophets, the one Elijah, the other Enoch or Moses (but compare the commentaries; e. g. Stuart, commentary vol. ii, p. 219f), who according to the writer of the Apocalypse will publicly appear shortly before the visible return of Christ from heaven: Revelation 11:10 (cf. 3).
d. the Messiah: Acts 3:22, 23; Acts 7:37, after Deuteronomy 18:15; Jesus the Messiah, inasmuch as he is about to fulfil the expectation respecting this Messiah, Matthew 21:11; John 6:14.
e. universally, "a man filled with the Spirit of God, who by God's authority and command in words of weight pleads the cause of God and urges the salvation of men": Matthew 21:46; Luke 13:33; Luke 24:19; John 7:52; in the proverb that a prophet is without honor in his own country, Matthew 13:57; Mark 6:4; Luke 4:24; John 4:44. he may be known — now by his supernatural knowledge of hidden things (even though past), Luke 7:39; John 4:19 (προφήτης ἀληθείας ἐστιν ὁ πάντοτε πάντα εἰδώς, τά μέν γεγοντα ὡς ἐγένετο, τά δέ γινόμενα ὡς γίνεται, τά δέ σεομενα ὡς ἔσται, Clement, hom. 2, 6) — now by his power of working miracles, Luke 7:16; Luke 24:19; John 9:17; such g prophet Jesus is shown to have been by the passages cited, nor is it denied except by his enemies, Luke 7:39; John 7:52.
f. The prophets that appeared in the apostolic age among the Christians: Matthew 10:41; Matthew 23:34; Acts 15:32; 1 Corinthians 14:29, 37; Revelation 22:6, 9; they are associated with apostles in Luke 11:49; 1 Corinthians 12:28, 29; Ephesians 2:20; Ephesians 3:5; Ephesians 4:11; Revelation 18:20; they discerned and did what was best for the Christian cause, Acts 13:1f; foretold certain future events, Acts 11:27; Acts 21:10ff; and in the religious assemblies of the Christians, being suddenly seized by the Spirit (whose promptings, however, do not impair their self-government, 1 Corinthians 14:32), give utterance in glowing and exalted but intelligible language to those things which the Holy Spirit teaches them, and which have power to instruct, comfort, encourage, rebuke, convict, stimulate, their hearers, 1 Corinthians 14:3, 24. (Cf. Harnack, Lehre der Zwölf Apostel, Proleg. § 5 i. 2, p. 93ff, 119ff; Bonwetsch in (Luthardt's) Zeitschr. f. kirchl. Wissen. as above with 1884, pp. 408ff, 460ff) g. Prophets both of the Old Testament and of the New Testament are grouped together under the name προφῆται in Revelation 11:18; Revelation 16:6; Revelation 18:24.
2. a poet (because poets were believed to sing under divine inspiration): so of Epimenides, Titus 1:12.
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προφήτης , -ου , ὁ
(<πρόφημι , to speak forth),
[in LXX chiefly for H5030;]
one who acts as an interpreter or forth-teller of the Divine will (v. Lft., Notes, 83 I.; Tr., Syn., § vi), a prophet;
1. in cl. (Æsch., Hdt., Plat., a1.), of the interpreters of oracles.
2. In NT,
(a) of the OT prophets: Matthew 5:12, Mark 6:15, Luke 4:27, John 8:52, Romans 11:3, al.;
(b) of prophets in general: Matthew 10:41; Matthew 13:57; Matthew 21:46, Mark 6:4, Luke 13:33, al.;
(c) of John the Baptist: Matthew 21:26, Mark 6:15, Luke 1:76;
(d) of Christ: Matthew 21:11, John 6:14, Acts 3:22-23; Acts 7:37 (LXX);
(e) of Christian prophets in the apostolic age: Acts 15:32, 1 Corinthians 12:28, Ephesians 2:20, al.;
(f) by meton., of the writings of prophets: Luke 24:27 Acts 8:28, al.;
(g) of a poet: Titus 1:12 (on the use of the term in Papyri and Inscr., v. Deiss., BS, 235 f.; MM, xxii).
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
";throw off,"; ";throw away"; : cf. P Tebt 1.48.23 (c. B.C. 113) ῥίψαντα τὸ ἱμάτιον εἰς φυγὴν ὁρμῆσαι, ";so that he threw away his garment and took to flight"; (Edd.), P Ryl II. 125.25 (A.D. 28–9) ἐκκενώσας τὰ προκείμενα ἔριψεν ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ μου τὴν πυξίδα κενήν, ";having rifled the contents aforesaid he threw the box empty into my house"; (Edd.). Both AV and RV adopt this meaning in Acts 22:23, but Field (Notes, p. 136), who is followed by various commentators, prefers the rendering ";shake,"; ";throw about,"; as if the verb = ῥιπτάζω : cf. the medical use in connexion with convulsive fits, etc., as illustrated by Hobart p. 2.
For the perf. pass., as in Matthew 9:36, cf. P Petr II. 19 (2).3 (iii/B.C.) καλῶς οὖμ ποιήσεις ἐ [πι ]στροφήν [μου π ]οιησάμενος, ἔρρειμαι γὰρ κακῶς διακείμενος ἀπ᾽ ἐκείνου, and for the form ῥιπτέω see Radermacher Gr. p. 84. MGr ῥίφτω, ῥίχνω, ῥίχτω (ῥιμμένος, ῥιχμένος), ";throw,"; ";cast away"; : see Thumb Handb. p. 353.
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
