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Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #2398 - ἴδιος
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- pertaining to one's self, one's own, belonging to one's self
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ἴδιος [ ῐδ], α, ον, Att. also ος, ον Pl. Prt. 349b, Arist. HA 532b32 (v. sub fin.): I one's own, pertaining to oneself: hence,
I
1 private, personal (opp. κοινός): twice in Hom., πρῆξις δ' ἥδ' ἰδίη οὐ δήμιος this business is private, not public, Od. 3.82; δήμιον ἦ ἴδιον; 4.314; ἴδιος ἐν κοινῷ σταλείς embarking as a private man in a public cause, Pi. O. 13.49; ἰ. στόλῳ χρᾶσθαι, opp. δημοσίῳ, Hdt. 5.63; γῆς.. νοσούσης ἴ. κινοῦντες κακά S. OT 636; κοινὸν ἐξ ἰδίας ἀνοίας κακόν E. Hec. 641 (lyr.), cf. Or. 766 (troch.); ἴδια πράσσων ἢ στρατοῦ ταχθεὶς ὕπο; Id. IA 1363 (troch.); ἴ. κέρδεα Hdt. 6.100; συμφορά Antipho 2.1.11; πρόσοδος And. 4.11; τὰ ἴ. διάφορα Th. 2.37; πλοῦτος ἴ. καὶ δημόσιος Id. 1.80, cf. Pl. R. 521a; ἴ. οὐ κοινὸς πόνος ib. 535b, cf. 543b; ξυμβόλαια ib. 443e; ἰ. ἢ πολιτικὴ πρᾶξις Id. Grg. 484d; πόλεις καὶ ἴ. οἶκοι Id. Lg. 890b, cf. 796d, etc.; τὰ ἱρά, opp. τὰ ἴ., temples, opp. private buildings, Hdt. 6.9, 8.109; τὸ ἐν ἰδίοις discussion among private persons, Pl. Sph. 225b.
2. one's own, opp. ἀλλότριος, ἐπικώμια Pi. N. 6.32; ἡ ἰ. ἐλευθερίη Hdt. 7.147; Ζεὺς ἰδίοις νόμοις κρατύνων A. Pr. 404 (lyr.); ἰδίᾳ γνώμᾳ ib. 543 (lyr.); οὔτοι τὰ χρήματ' ἴ. κέκτηνται βροτοί E. Ph. 555; φίλων οὐδὲν ἴ., = κοινὰ τὰ τῶν φίλων, Id. Andr. 376: with Pron., χωρίον ἡμέτερον ἴδιον D. 55.8.
3. τὰ ἴ. private interests, opp. public, Th. 1.82, 2.61, etc.; one's own property, Id. 1.141, etc.; τὰ ἴ. πράττειν mind one's own business, in later Gr., Phryn. 405, cf. 1 Thessalonians 4:11; μένειν ἐπὶ τῶν ἰ. Plb. 2.57.5; εἰς τὸ ἴ. καταθέσθαι for self, X. An. 1.3.3, etc.: with Pron., τοὐμὸν ἴ. εἰπεῖν my personal opinion, Isoc. 6.8; τὰ ἐμὰ ἴ. D. 50.66; τὰ αὑτοῦ ἴ. Thgn. 440 (dub.l.), cf. Antipho 5.61, Isoc. 8.127; τὰ ὑμέτερα ἴ. D. 19.307; τὰ ἴ. σφῶν αὐτῶν, τὰ ἴ. τὰ σφέτερα αὐτῶν, And. 2.2, 3.36; ἔγωγε τοὐμὸν ἴ. I for my own part, Luc. Merc.Cond. 9.
4. of persons, personally attached to one, ἴδιοι Σελεύκου Plb. 21.6.4, cf. Arist. Pol. 1315a36, UPZ 146.38 (ii B.C.), 109.18 (i B.C.); ἄνθρωπος ἴδιος τῇ εὐνοίᾳ τῇ πρὸς.. PCair.Zen. 32 (iii B.C.); ταῖς εὐνοίαις ἴδιοι D.S. 11.26; ἴδιοι, οἱ, members of one's family, relatives, BGU 665 ii 1 (i A.D.), Vett.Val. 70.5, etc.
5. ἡ ἰ. (sts. with κώμη added, BGU 15.13 (ii A.D.)), one's place of origin, PTeb. 327.28 (ii A.D.), etc.: pl., καταπορεύεσθαι εἰς τὰς ἰ.ib.5.7 (ii B.C.).
6. in later Gr., almost as a possessive Pron.,= ἑαυτοῦ, ἑαυτῶν, ἡ ἰ. φιλαγαθία IG 22.1011.71 (ii B.C.), etc.; χρῶνται ὡς ἰδίοις UPZ 11.14 (ii B.C.); περὶ τῶν ἰ. βιβλίων, title of work by Galen. ἴ. θάνατος one's own, i.e. a natural death, Ramsay Cities and Bishoprics No. 133; ἰδίοις τελευτῶσι θανάτοις Ptol. Tetr. 199; also ἰδία μοίρῃ Ramsay op.cit. No. 187.
II
1. separate, distinct, ἔθνος ἴ. καὶ οὐδαμῶς Σκυθικόν Hdt. 4.18, cf. 22; ἴδιοί τινές σοι [θεοί ]; Ar. Ra. 890; ἑκάστῳ τῶν ὀνομάτων ὑπόκειταί τις ἴδιος οὐσία Pl. Prt. 349b; πόλεις.. βαρβάρους καὶ ἰδίας Decr. ap. D. 18.183; ὁ βάτραχος ἰδίαν ἔχει τὴν γλῶτταν, τὴν ἰ. ἀφίησι φωνήν, a peculiar kind of tongue,.. its peculiar note, Arist. HA 536a8, 11: folld. by ἤ, ἴδιον ἔπασχεν πάθος ἢ οἱ ἄλλοι unique and different from others, Pl. Grg. 481c; so ἴδιον παρὰ τὰ ἄλλα Thphr. HP 6.4.10. ἴ. λόγος, in Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt, private account, δεδώκαμεν Πύρωνι τὸν ἔσχατόν σου ἴ. λόγον PCair.Zen. 253 (iii B.C.), cf. PGrenf. 1.16 (ii B.C.), etc.; later, special account, a branch of the fiscal administration, Wilcken Chr. 162 (ii B.C.), PAmh. 2.31 (ii B.C.), PGnom.Prooem. (ii A.D.), etc.; ὁ γνώμων τοῦ ἰ. λόγου OGI 669.44 (i A.D.); also as the title of the Controller, Str. 17.1.12 codd., OGI 408 (ii A.D.), Mitteis Chr. 372 vi 1 (ii A.D.).
2. strange, unusual, ἰδίοισιν ὑμεναίοισι κοὐχὶ σώφροσιν E. Or. 558; peculiar, exceptional, περιττὸν καὶ ἴ. γένος Arist. GA 760a5; τὰ περιττὰ καὶ ἴ. τῶν δένδρων Thphr. CP 2.7.1; παράδοξον εἰπεῖν τι καὶ περιττὸν καὶ ἴ. Plu. 2.1068b; eccentric, of persons, ib.57e; ἴ. τις ἐν πᾶσι βουλόμενος εἶναι Id. Them. 18.
3. peculiar, appropriate, ἴδια ὀνόματα proper, specific words, opp. περιέχοντα, class-names, Arist. Rh. 1407a31; ὄνομα ἴ. τινος Pl. R. 580e; τὸ ἴ. τοῦ ἐπαίνου Luc. Pr.Im. 19.
III
1. ἴ. λόγοι ordinary private conversation, opp. ποίησις, Pl. R. 366e, cf. Euthd. 305d; v. infr. VI. 2b. τὸ ἴ. characteristic property of a species, Arist. Top. 102a18, 103b11, Chrysipp.Stoic. 2.75, Plot. 5.5.13; but also, distinguishing feature in a relative sense, ἴ. πρός τι Arist. Top. 128b25. regul. Comp. ἰδιώτερος Isoc. 12.73, Thphr. HP 3.1.6: Sup. -ώτατος D. 23.65, Thphr. HP 1.14.2; also ἰδιαίτερος, -αίτατος, Arist. PA 656a26, 658b33; -αίτατος but not -αίτερος acc. to Thom.Mag. p.189R. Adv. ἰδίως, peculiarly, Isoc. 5.108; severally, Pl. Lg. 807b: Comp. ἰδιωτέρως Thphr. HP 1.13.4; ὡς -ώτερον εἰπεῖν Phld. Oec. p.68 J.; ἰδιαίτερον Hdn. 7.6.7: Sup. ἰδιώτατα (v.l. -αίτατα) D.S. 19.1; ἰδίως καλεῖσθαι to be called specifically, Arist. Mu. 394b28; -αίτατα λέγεσθαι Id. Mete. 382a3; ἰδίως, opp. κοινῶς, λέγεσθαι Demetr.Lac. Herc. 1014.41 F. (but in Gramm., to be used as a proper name, D.T. 634.13); in a peculiar sense or usage, Sch. Ar. Pl. 115; ἰ.Αἰσχύλος τὸν Ἀγαμέμνονα ἐπὶ σκηνῆς ἀναιρεῖσθαι ποιεῖ A. Ag. Arg., cf. Sch. E. Ph. 1116; also,= extra versum, τὸ φεῦ ἰδίως Sch. Ar. Nu. 41 (v.l. ἰδίᾳ).
2. ἰδίᾳ, Ion. -ιη, as Adv., by oneself, privately, on one's own account, θύοντι ἰδίῃ μούνῳ Hdt. 1.132, cf. 192, Ar. Eq. 467; οὔτε ἰδίᾳ οὔτε ἐν κοινῷ Th. 1.141; καὶ ἰ. καὶ δημοσίᾳ Id. 3.45, Pl. Ap. 30b; καὶ ἰ. καὶ κοινῇ Arist. Ath. 40.3; ἰδίᾳ ἕκαστος Th. 8.1, cf. Pl. Lg. 946d, etc.: c. gen., ἰ. τῆς φρενός apart from.., Ar. Ra. 102. in ordinary talk, opp. ὑπὸ ποιητῶν, Pl. R. 363e, cf. 606c; v. supr. 111.
3. κατ' ἰδίαν in private, Philem. 169; κατ' ἰδίαν εἰπεῖν τινι D.S. 1.21; κατ' ἰ. λαβεῖν τινα to take him aside, Plb. 4.84.8; also, separately, apart, Plu. 2.120d; οἱ κατ' ἰ. βίοι Plb. 1.71.1. (ϝίδιος Tab.Heracl. 1.13, al., Schwyzer 324.4 (Delph., iv B.C.), IG 9(1).333.12 (Locr., v B.C.), etc.; with spiritus asper, ἐκ τοῦ ηιδίου Jahresh. 14 Beibl. 141 (Argos, v B.C.); καθ' ἱδίαν IG 22.891.6, 5(1).6 (Lacon.), 9(2).66 (Lamia), Aët. 3.159, etc.; καθ' ἱδδίαν prob. in IG 9(2).461.26 (Thess.).)
ἴδιος, ἰδίᾳ, ἴδιον (in secular authors (especially Attic) also of two term.) (from Homer down);
1. pertaining to oneself, one's own; used a. universally, of what is one's own as opposed to belonging to another: τά ἰδίᾳ πρόβατα, John 10:3ff,12; τά ἱμάτια τά ἰδίᾳ, Mark 15:20 R G Tr (for which T τά ἰδίᾳ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ, L WH τά ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ); τό ἴδιον (for his own use) κτῆνος, Luke 10:34; διά τοῦ ἰδίου αἵματος, Hebrews 9:12; Hebrews 13:12 (ἰδίῳ αἵματι, 4 Macc. 7:8); τό ἴδιον μίσθωμα, which he had hired for himself (opposed to ἡ ξεναι (which see), 23), Acts 28:30; add, John 5:43; John 12:18; Acts 3:12; Acts 13:36; Romans 11:24; Romans 14:4; 1 Corinthians 3:8 (ἴδιον κόπον);
b. of what pertains to one's property, family, dwelling, country, etc.; of property, οὐδέ εἰς τί τῶν ὑπαρχόντων αὐτῷ ἔλεγεν ἴδιον εἶναι, Acts 4:32; τά ἰδίᾳ,res nostrae, our own things, i. e. house, family, property, Luke 18:28 L T Tr WH (cf. Buttmann, § 127, 24; Winer's Grammar, 592 (551)); τῇ ἰδίᾳ γενεά, in his own generation, i. e. in the age in which he lived, Acts 13:36; ἡ ἰδίᾳ πόλις, the city of which one is a citizen or inhabitant, Luke 2:3 (R G Tr marginal reading); Matthew 9:1; τῇ ἰδίᾳ διαλέκτῳ, in their native tongue, Acts 1:19 (WH omits; Tr brackets ἰδίᾳ); Acts 2:6, 8; ἡ ἰδίᾳ δισιδαιμονια, their own (national) religion, Acts 25:19; οἱ ἴδιοι, one's own people (German die Angehörigen), one's fellow-countrymen, associates, John 1:11, cf. 2 Macc. 12:22; one's household, persons belonging to the house, family, or company, John 13:1; Acts 4:23; Acts 24:23; 1 Timothy 5:8; εἰς τά ἰδίᾳ (German in die Heimat), to one's native land, home, John 1:11 (meaning here, the land of Israel); John 16:32; John 19:27 (3Macc. 6:27; 1 Esdr. 5:46 (47); for אֶל־בֵּיתו, Esther 5:10; Esther 6:12); ὁ ἴδιος ἀνήρ, a husband, 1 Corinthians 7:2 (Buttmann, 117 (102) note; cf. Winer's Grammar, 154 (146)); plural, Ephesians 5:22; Titus 2:5; 1 Peter 3:1, 5; Ephesians 5:24 R G; Colossians 3:18 R; οἱ ἴδιοι σεποται (of slaves), Titus 2:9. of a person who may be said to belong to one, above all others: υἱός, Romans 8:32; πατήρ, John 5:18; μαθηταί, Mark 4:34 T WH Tr marginal reading c. harmonizing with, or suitable or assigned to, one's nature, character, aims, acts; appropriate: τῇ ἰδίᾳ ἐξουσία, Acts 1:7; τόν ἴδιον, μισθόν, due reward, 1 Corinthians 3:8; τό ἴδιον σῶμα, 1 Corinthians 15:38; κατά τήν ἰδίαν δύναμιν, Matthew 25:15; ἐν τῷ ἰδίῳ τάγματι, 1 Corinthians 15:23; τό ἴδιον οἰκητήριον, Jude 1:6; εἰς τόν τόπον τόν ἴδιον, to the abode after death assigned by God to one according to his deeds, Acts 1:25 (Ignatius ad Magnes. 5 [ET]; Baal Turim on Numbers 24:25 Balaam ivit in locum suum, i. e. in Gehennam; see τόπος, 1 a. at the end); καιρῷ ἰδίῳ, at a time suitable to the matter in hand (A. V. in due season), Galatians 6:9; plural, 1 Timothy 2:6; 1 Timothy 6:15; Titus 1:3.
d. By a usage foreign to the earlier Greeks, but found in the church Fathers and the Byzantine writings (see Winers Grammar, § 22, 7; cf. Fritzsche on Romans, ii., p. 208f; (Buttmann, 117f (103))), it takes the place of the possessive pronoun αὐτοῦ: Matthew 22:5; Matthew 25:14; John 1:41 (42) (Wis. 10:1).
2. private (in classical Greek opposed to δημόσιος, κοινός): ἰδίᾳ (cf. Winers Grammar, 591 (549) note) adverb severally, separately, 1 Corinthians 12:11 (often in Greek writings). κατ' ἰδίαν (namely, χώραν), α. apart: Matthew 14:13; Matthew 17:19; Matthew 20:17; Matthew 24:3; Mark 6:31; Mark 7:33; Mark 9:2, 28; Mark 13:3; Luke 9:10; Luke 10:23; Acts 23:19 (Polybius 4, 84, 8); with μόνος added, Mark 9:2; β. in private, privately: Mark 4:34; Galatians 2:2 (Diodorus 1, 21, opposed to κοινῇ, 2 Macc. 4:5; Ignatius ad Smyrn. 7, 2 [ET]). The word is not found in the book of Revelation.
STRONGS NT 2398: κατ' ἰδίαν κατ' ἰδίαν, see ἴδιος, 2.
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ἴδιος , -α , -ον
(in Attic usually -ος , -ον ),
[in LXX chiefly for pers. suff., also for לָהֶם , etc.; (τὰ ἴ .) H1004;]
1. one's own;
(a) of that which is private and personal (in cl. opp. to κοινός , δηκόσιος ; cf. infr. 3);
(b) of property, friends, home, country, etc. (in cl. opp. to ἀλλότριος ; in late writers often, like ἑαυτοῦ ) with weakened sense, v. M, Pr., 87 ff; Deiss., BS, 123 f.): Luke 6:41, John 1:42; John 5:43, Acts 2:6; Acts 20:28, 1 Corinthians 11:21, Galatians 6:5, 2 Timothy 1:9, Hebrews 7:27, Judges 1:6, al.; πράσσειν τὰ ἴ ., 1 Thessalonians 4:11; κατὰ τὰς ἰ . ἐπιΒυμίας , 2 Timothy 4:3; οἱ ἴδιοι , John 1:11 (M, Pr., 90 f.; Field, Notes, 84) John 13:1, Acts 4:23, 1 Timothy 5:8; τὰ ἴδια , one's home (Field, Notes, l.c.), Luke 18:28, John 1:11; John 16:32; John 19:27.
2. peculiar, distinct, appropriate, proper: τὸ ἴ . σῶμα , 1 Corinthians 15:38; ἐν τ . ἰ . τάγματι , 1 Corinthians 15:23; εἰς τ . τόπον τ . ἴ ., Acts 1:25; = αὐτοῦ (v. Deiss., ut. supr.), Matthew 22:5, John 1:42 (cf. Wisdom of Solomon 10:1).
3. Adverbially (v. supr., 1 (a); and cf. WM, 7392);
(a) ἰδίᾳ , severally, separately: 1 Corinthians 12:11;
(b) κατ᾿ ἰδίαν , apart, privately, in private: Matthew 14:13; Matthew 14:23; Matthew 20:17, Mark 4:34; Mark 7:33, Luke 10:23, Acts 23:19, al.
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
For an ";exhausted"; ἴδιος in Hellenistic Greek, equivalent to little more than the possessive pronoun, Kuhring (p. 13) cites such passages as BGU IV. 1061 .21 (B.C. 14) ἐν τῶι ἰδίωι αὐτοῦ κλήρωι, P Oxy III. 483.25 (A.D. 108) ὀ ]μνύω. . εἶναι τὰς προκ [ειμ ]ένας ἀρούρας εἰδίας μου, ib. 494.33 (A.D. 156) ἐγνώρισα τὴν ἰδίαν μου σφραγῖδα, ib. 495.15 (A.D. 181–9) γράψω τῇ ἰδιᾳ μου χειρί, BGU III.865.2 (ii/A.D.) ἀκολούθω [ς τῇ ἰδ ]ίᾳ σοι (l. σου) ἐπιστολῇ, ib. I. 13.15 (A.D. 289) ἐκδικήσωμεν. . τοῖς ἰδίοις ἑαυτῶν δαπανήμασιν, P Grenf II. 8o.14 (A.D. 402) ὑπὲρ ἰδιας σου κεφαλῆς. It will hardly be denied, however, that in all these passages ἴδιος adds a certain emphasis, and this undoubtedly holds good of the general NT usage, as e.g. John 1:41, 1 Corinthians 3:8, Galatians 6:5 : Hebrews 7:27, etc. : see more particularly Proleg. p. 87 ff. (as against Deissmann BS p. 123 f.), and cf. Souter (Lex. s.v.) where the word is rendered ";one’s own,"; ";belonging to one,"; ";private,"; ";personal,"; without any mention of a weaker meaning. WinerSchrniedel Gr, § 22, 17, on the other hand, claims for the word both senses in the NT, and illustrates these in detail. It is probably impossible to draw the line strictly, so much depends on the special nuance of the context. Thus in the interesting papyrus in which proceedings are instituted for the recovery of a foundling child that had been put out to nurse, the defendant asserts that the foundling had died, and that the child now claimed was her own child—τὸ ] ἴ [δι ]όν μου τέκνον (P Oxy I. 37ii. 1—A.D.49) (= Selections, p. 51). But when in P Goodsp Cairo 4.8 (ii/B.C.) (= Selections, p. 25) Polycrartes writes to a friend introducing one Glaucias—α ̣̣πεσ ̣τάλ ̣καμεν πρὸς σὲ Γλαυκίαν, ὄντα ἡμῶν ἴδιον, κοινολογησόμενόν σοι, the meaning can be little more than ";who is one of ourselves"; : cf. P Par 41.11 (B.C. 158) οὗ <ἐν > κατοχῇ ἰμὶ μετὰ τοῦ πρεσβυτέρου ἀδελφοῦ ἰδίου (= ἐμοῦ) Πτολεμαίου, P Tor I, 8.27 (B.C.119) εἰς τὰς ἰδίας αὐτῶν (= εἰς τὰς ἑαυτῶν) μετοικισθῆναι (both cited by Mayser Gr. p. 308). This last ex. illustrates the absolute use of ὁ ἴδιος as in John 1:11; John 13:1, etc. : cf. also P Oxy XIV. 1680.5 (iii/iv A.D.), where a son prays for his father—ὑγιαίνοντί (l. —τά) σε ἀπολαβεῖν ἐν τοῖς ἰδίοις ";that we may receive you home in good health"; (Edd.). On the principle of the ἰδία, involving a man’s personal attachment to the house and soil of his birth, see Zulueta in Vinogradoff s Oxford Studies in Social and Legal History i. (1909), p. 42 ff., and cf. Exp VIII. iv. p. 487 ff., where Ramsay applies this principle in connexion with Luke 2:3. In Proleg. p. 90 f. special attention is drawn to the use of ὁ ἴδιος in addressing near relations at the beginning of a letter. Thus in P Fay 110.2 (A.D. 94) Gemellus sends greeting Ἐπαγαθῶι τῶι ἰδίωι, Epagathus being probably a nephew, and similarly in other letters of the same correspondence : when the son Sabinus is addressed, the words τῷ οιεἱῶι (= τῷ υἱῷ) are always used, as ib. 113.2 (A.D.100). If this were at all a normal use of ὁ ἴδιος it might add something to the case for translating Acts 20:28 τοῦ αἵματος τοῦ ἰδίου, ";the blood of one who was His own"; (Weiss, etc.).
For the adv. ἰδίᾳ (for form cf, Moulton Gr. ii. p. 84) = ";privately,"; see PSI IV. 434.12 (B.C. 261&nd;0) ἰδίαι συμφωνήσας πρὸς αὐτούς, and cf. Michel 392.7 (ii/B.C.) καὶ κοινει τει πόλ [ει ] καὶ καθ᾽ ἰδίαν τοῖς ἐντυγχάνουσ [ιν ] αὐτῶι. The phrase ἐκ τοῦ ἰδίου, ";at one’s own expense,"; is found in BGU IV. 1118.31 (B.C. 22), and similarly ἐξ ἰδίων in ib.1209.11 (B.C. 23).
Brugmann derives from *ϝ ιδιος : cf. skr. vi, ";en séparant"; (Boisacq, p. 221). The adj. therefore implies ";sequestrated from the common stock."; MGr ἴδιος and γίδιος : ὁ ἴδιος, ";the same,"; ";self"; cf ἰδιότητα, ";identity.";
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