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Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #4133 - πλήν
- Thayer
- Strong
- Mounce
- moreover, besides, but, nevertheless
- besides, except, but
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πλήν,
Dor. and Aeol. πλάν SIG 56.3(Argos, vB.C. ), 421.7(Thermum, iii B. C. ), IG 9(1).333.4 ( Locr., v B. C. ), Berl.Sitzb. 1927.158 ( Cyrene ), Schwyzer 633.16, 19 (Eresus, ii/i B. C. ): Prep. with gen., except, save, πάντων Φαιήκων πλήν γ' αὐτοῦ Λαοδάμαντος Od. 8.207; τίς ἔτλη . . π. Ἡρακλῆος; Hes. Sc. 74, cf. A. Pr. 914, IG 12.6.108, etc.: with γε, S. El. 909, etc.; ὑπεγγύους π. θανάτου liable to any punishment short of death, Hdt. 5.71; ἐπιτρέψαι περὶ σφῶν αὐτῶν π. θανάτου save in respect of death, Th. 4.54; σκυλεύειν τοὺς τελευτήσαντας π. ὅπλων of anything save their arms, Pl. R. 469c; διαρπάσαι . . ἐπέτρεψε πλὴν ἀνδραπόδων to carry off all plunder save slaves, X. An. 2.4.27 .
2. later, besides, in addition to, LXX De. 18.8, LXX De. 29.1 . Conj.: I with single words and phrases, esp. when a neg. precedes, οὐκ ἆρ' Ἀχαιοῖς ἄνδρες εἰσὶ π. ὅδε; S. Aj. 1238; οὐκ οἶδα π. ἕν Id. OC 1161, E. El. 752; οὐ κάτοιδα π. ἐπὶ σμικρὸν φράσαι S. El. 414, cf. Amphis 13: after a question implying a neg., τί σοι πέπρακται π.τεύχειν κακά; A. Eu. 125, cf. S. Ant. 646: after πᾶς, etc., τὸ δ' ἄρσεν αἰνῶ πάντα π. γάμου τυχεῖν A. Eu. 737; παντὶ δῆλον π. ἐμοί Pl. R. 529a, cf. S. Ph. 299, Isoc. 12.19, etc.; νικᾶν . . πανταχοῦ . . ἔφυν π. εἰτ σέ S. Ph. 1053 ( πᾶς is sts. omitted, θνῄσκουσι [πάντες] π. εἷς τις Id. OT 118; ἀλλ' ἔστι [πᾶσι] πλὴν σοί ib. 370 ): freq. with ἄλλος (much like ἤ ), τί οὖν μ' ἄνωγας ἄλλο π. ψευδῆ λέγειν; Id. Ph. 100, cf. Aj. 125, Ant. 236, Ar. Pl. 106, X. An. 1.2.1, Pl. Prt. 334b, etc.: after a Comp., ταῦτ' ἐστὶ κρείσσω π. ὑπ' Ἀργείοις πεσεῖν E. Heracl. 231, cf. Pl. Min. 318e, etc.; πάντα μᾶλλον π. αὐτὸς ἅψασθαι D. 21.179: after a Sup., τὸ μέγιστον εἴργται π. αἱ τάξεις τοῦ φόρου X. Ath. 3.5 .
II freq. joined with other Particles:
1 π. εἰ, π. ἐάν, ὅταν, folld. by a Verb, π. εἴ τις κωμῳδοποιὸς τυγχάνει ὤν Pl. Revelation 18 d, cf. Tht. 177d, D. 3.18, 10.39, etc.; π. ὅταν A. Pr. 260, S. El. 293, etc.; π. εἰ ἄρα μή Str. 7.3.8; π. ἐὰν μὴ ἐξέλθῃ Arist. HA 554b2 . with Verb omitted, οὐδεὶς οἶδεν . ., π. εἴ τις ἄρ' ὄρνις Ar. Av. 601, cf. X. HG 4.2.21, etc.; π. εἰ μή, after a neg., οὐδὲν προσδεησόμεθα, π. εἰ μὴ πάρεργόν τι Pl. Plt. 286d (v.l.); οὐδὲν ἂν πάθοι . ., π. εἰ μή που κατὰ συμβεβηκός Arist. GC 323b26; οὐ δεῖ . . τοῦτο . . κινεῖσθαι, π. εἰ μὴ κατὰ ς. Id. de An. 406b8, cf. APr. 43a39, Thphr. CP 1.10.6, D.H. 4.74 . — The pleon. phrase π. εἰ μή is censured by Luc. Song of Solomon 7:1-13 .
2. πλὴν ἤ (where ἤ adds nothing to the sense; πλὴν εἰ is a common v.l.), οὐκ ἄλλῳ π. ἢ Προδίκῳ Ar. Nu. 361, cf. 734; οὐδὲν κάκιον . ., πλὴν ἄρ' ἢ γυναῖκες Id. Th. 532, cf. Hdt. 2.111, Pl. Ap. 42a (v.l. π. εἰ ); also οὐ τὸν ἄνθρωπον ὑγιάζει π. ἀλλ' ἢ . . Arist. Metaph. 981a18 (v.l.).
3. π. οὐ only not, πάντες προσδέχονται, π. οὐχ οἱ τύραννοι X. Hier. 1.18 ( v.l. ap. Ath. 4.144d ), cf. Lac. 15.6, D. 18.45, 56.23, Berl.Sitzb. l.c.
4. π. ὅτι except that . ., save that . ., καίτοι τί διαφέρουσιν ἡμῶν ἐκεῖνοι, π. ὅτι ψηφίσματ' οὐ γράφουσιν; Ar. Nu. 1429; π. ἢ ὅτι Hdt. 4.189; πλήν γε ὅτι, πλήν γε δὴ ὅτι, Pl. Tht. 183a, Phd. 57b; after ὁμοίως, τὰ αὐτά, Plu. Pel. 4, Artem. 1.56 .
5. π. ὅσον except or save so far as . ., παρήκουσι παρὰ πᾶσαν [τὴν Λιβύην] . ., π. ὅσον Ἕλληνες . . ἔχουσι Hdt. 2.32, cf. D.H. 1.23; π. ὅσα Pl. R. 456a; π. καθόσον D.C. 72.19; π. καθόσον εἰ Th. 6.88 codd. without a Verb, πάντων ἐρήμους, π. ὅσον τὸ σὸν μέρος save so far as thou art concerned, S. OT 1509; τοὺς πολλοὺς ἀπέκτειναν π. ὅσον ἐκ τριῶν νεῶν οὓς ἐζώγρησαν except only . ., Th. 7.23, cf. Pl. Lg. 670a, 856d; ἀληθευτικός, π. ὅσα μὴ δι' εἰρωνείαν Arist. EN 1124b30 .
III introducing a clause, mostly preceded by οὐδείς, πᾶς, ἄλλος, save that, νῦν δ' οὐδεμία πάρεστιν . ., π. ἥ γ' ἐμὴ κωμῆτις ἥδ' ἐξέρχεται Ar. Lys. 5, cf. S. Tr. 41, X. An. 1.8.20, etc.; οὐκ ἀντεξῄεσαν π. ἕως ἀκροβολισμοῦ Plb. 1.18.2: without any such word preceding, only, albeit, ἀπέπεμπε κήρυκας ἐς τὴν Ἑλλάδα, π. οὔτε ἐς Ἀθήνας οὔτε ἐς Λακεδαίμονα ἀπέπεμπε Hdt. 7.32, cf. S. OC 1643, Th. 8.70, Pl. Prt. 328e, etc.
2. to break off and pass to another subject, only, however, π. γνώριζε ἄτοπος ὤν PCair.Zen. 454.10 (iii B. C.), cf. Plb. 1.69.14, 2.17.1, 1 Corinthians 11:11, Diog.Oen. 8, Plu. Per. 34, etc.: in late Prose, π. ἀλλά Id. Pyrrh. 5, Luc. Prom. 20, DMort. 13.3, 20.4, etc.; π. ἀλλά γε Id. Rh.Proverbs 24:1-34 .
3. simply for δέ, but, πολλὴν στρατιὰν ἀθροίσας, π. ἄπειρον μάχης Hdn. 3.4.1; δυστυχῶν μέν, π. ἀλλ' Ἑλλήνων Hld. 6.7 . (Cogn. with πλησίος, πελάζω, cf. ἔμπλην. )
πλήν, adverb (from πλέον 'more' (Curtius, § 375; Lob. Path. Element. 1:143; 2:93 (cf. Lightfoot on Philippians 3:16)); hence, properly, beyond, besides, further); it stands:
1. adverbially, at the beginning of a sentence, serving either to restrict, or to unfold and expand what has preceded: moreover, besides, so that, according to the requirements of the context, it may also be rendered but, nevertheless; (howbeit; cf. Buttmann, § 146, 2): Matthew 11:22, 24; Matthew 18:7; Matthew 26:39, 64; Luke 6:24, 35; Luke 10:11, 14, 20; Luke 11:41; Luke 12:31; Luke 13:33; Luke 17:1 L Tr text WH;
2. as a preposition, with the genitive (first so by Homer, Odyssey 8, 207; (cf. Winers Grammar, § 54, 6)), besides, except, but: Mark 12:32; John 8:10; Acts 8:1; Acts 15:28; Acts 27:22. Cf. Klotz ad Devar. II. 2, p. 724f.
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πλήν ,
adv.,
[in LXX for H7535, H905, H389, etc.;]
1. introducing a clause (= ἀλλά , δέ ; "it is obvious that πλήν was the regular word in the vulgar language": Bl., § 77, 13), yet, howbeit, only: Matthew 11:22; Matthew 11:24; Matthew 18:7; Matthew 26:39; Matthew 26:64 (M, Pr., 86), Luke 6:24; Luke 6:35; Luke 10:11; Luke 10:14; Luke 10:20; Luke 11:41; Luke 12:31; Luke 13:33; Luke 17:1; Luke 18:8; Luke 19:27; Luke 22:21-22; Luke 22:42 (WH, mg. om.) Luke 23:28, 1 Corinthians 11:11, Ephesians 5:33, Philippians 3:16; Philippians 4:14, Revelation 2:25; Papyri ὅτι (Hdt., Plat., al.), except that, save that, Acts 20:23, Philippians 1:18.
2. As prep., c. gen., except, save (cl.) : Mark 12:32, John 8:10, Acts 8:1; Acts 15:28; Acts 27:22.†
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
πράκτωρ is very common in the papyri = ";a collector of revenue."; According to GH (Fayûm Towns, p. 106) the πράκτωρ in Ptolemaic times was specially concerned with the exaction of fines or payments (cf. Wilcken Ostr. i. p. 564), but during the Roman period he was an ordinary collector of taxes. Exx. are—P Petr II. 13 (17).2 (B.C. 258–253) παραγέγραμμαι τῶι πράκτορι ὡς ὀ [φείλων ] πρὸς τὰ ἀμπελικά. . . ";I am returned to the tax-agent (or public accountant) as owing for the vine-tax . . .,"; P Magd 41.5 (iii/B.C.) γράψας τῶι ξενικῶι πράκτορι πρᾶ [ξαι ] καὶ ἀποδοῦναί μοι, P Fay 14.1 (B.C. 124) οἱ προκεχιρισμένοι πράκτορες, ";the appointed collectors"; of the crown-tax issue a notice—προσδιαγράψις ἀργυρίου δραχμὰς τέσσαρας, ";you are required to pay in addition four drachmae,"; BGU II. 530.36 ff. (i/A.D.) (= Selections, p. 62 f.) ἄλλως τε καὶ ἀπαιτῖται ὑπὸ τῶν πρακτόρων ἱκανόν, ";especially security is demanded by the taxgatherers,"; and P Oxy IX. 1203.11 (late i/A.D.) ἐκ τοῦ καταλογείου ὑπόμνημα πρὸς τὸν ἐνθάδε ξενικῶν πράκτορα, ";a memorandum from the bureau to the collector of external debts here"; (Ed. : see note ad l.). In P Oxy XVI. 1829.6 f. (c. A.D. 577–9?) the variant πράκτηρ is found : see the editors’ note.
Πράκτωρ is still used technically in Luke 12:58, the only place where it occurs in Biblical Greek, but the reference is apparently not to a finance official, but to an ";officer (usher) of the court."; For the juxtaposition of πράκτωρ and ἀντίδικος, as in the Lukan passage, we may cite P Oxy III. 533.11, .23 (ii/iii A.D.) The same papyrus shows .21 πρακτορεία, ";the post of collector.";
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