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Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #3584 - ξηρός
- Thayer
- Strong
- Mounce
- dry
- of members of the body deprived of their natural juices, shrunk, wasted, withered
- of the land in distinction from the water
- Book
- Word
- Parsing
ξηρός, ά, όν,
I
1. dry, opp. ὑγρός, of a dried-up river, Hdt. 5.45; χειμάρρους ξηροὺς ὕδατος Arr. An. 4.3.2; ἠὴρ ξ. Hdt. 2.26; ξ. ἄνεμος Ar. Nu. 404; ξηροῖς ἀκλαύτοις ὄμμασιν A. Th. 696; ὀμμάτων ξ. κόραι E. Or. 389; μέτρα ξ. τε καὶ ὑγρά dry and liquid measures, Pl. Lg. 746d; ὕλη αὔη καὶ ξ. ib. 761d; ξ. γάλα, i.e. ripe cheese, Eust. 1001.51 (cf. περίξηρος); so τυρὸς ξ., opp. τυρὸς χλωρός, Antiph. 133.7, cf. Philox. 3.8; ἐν ξηροῖσιν ἐκτρέφειν on solid food, i.e. cereals, E. Ba. 277; καρπὸς ξ., i.e. cereal, opp. κ. ξύλινος, produce of trees, i. e. fruit, wine, or oil, Pl. Criti. 115b; ξ. χόρτος hay, PPetr. 3p.181 (iii B.C.); φοῖνιξ ξ. dried dates, PSI 1.33.14 (ii A.D.); ξ. καρποί, opp. οἶνος, ἔλαιον, Arr. Epict. 2.23.5; ξ. πυρίαι applications of dry heat, Hp. Acut. 21, Archig. ap. Gal. 12.621; cf. ξηροπυρία. Adv. ξηρῶς by the use of dry powder, Hp. Epid. 6.3.13 (s.v.l.).
2. of bodily condition, withered, lean, δέμας E. El. 239; ξηρὸς ὑπαὶ δείους Theoc. 24.61; ξ. κοιλίη costive, Hp. Aph. 2.20.
3. of the voice, cf. ξηρόφωνος.
II
1. fasting: hence, generally, austere, τρόποι Ar. V. 1452 (lyr.); of persons, Antiph. 16; harsh, opp. ἡδύς, E. Andr. 784 (lyr.).
2. metaph., of style, πραγματεία ἀτερπὴς καὶ ξ. Epicur. Fr. 505 (p.358 U.); τὸ ξ. aridity, Demetr. Eloc. 238; of critics, ξηροὶ Καλλιμάχου πρόκυνες AP 11.322 (Antiphan.).
III
1. as Subst. ἡ ξηρά (sc. γῆ), dry land, opp. ὑγρά, X. Oec. 19.7 (also Comp. ξηροτέρα γῆ ib. 6), cf. Matthew 23:15, etc.; τὸ ξηρόν Hdt. 2.68; ναῦς ἐπὶ τοῦ ξηροῦ ποιεῖν to leave the ships aground, Th. 1.109; ναῦς ἐς τὸ ξ. ἐξωθεῖν Id. 8.105; τὸ ξ. τοῦ ποταμοῦ the part of its bed left dry, X. Cyr. 7.5.18: for Theoc. 1.51 v. ἀκράτιστος.
2. ξηρά, ἡ, in a bath-house, room for dry heat, POxy. 2145.12 (ii A.D.).
ξηρός, ξηρά, ξηρόν, from Herodotus down, dry: τό ξύλον, Luke 23:31 (in a proverb. saying, 'if a good man is treated so, what will be done to the wicked?' cf. Psalm 1:3; Ezekiel 20:47. Isaiah 56:3; Ezekiel 17:24); of members of the body deprived of their natural juices, shrunk, wasted, withered: as χείρ, Matthew 12:10; Mark 3:3 L T Tr WH; Luke 6:6, 8; men are spoken of as ξηροι, withered, John 5:3. of the land in distinction from water, ἡ ξηρά namely, γῆ (the Sept. for יַבָּשָׁה, Genesis 1:9; Jonah 1:9; Jonah 2:11, and often (Winer's Grammar, 18; 592 (550))): Matthew 23:15; Hebrews 11:29 where L T Tr WH add γῆς.
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ξηρός , -ά , -όν ,
[in LXX chiefly for H3002, its parts and derivatives, also for H2724, etc.;]
dry: metaph. (of a sinner), ξύλον ξ ., Luke 23:31; of members of the body shrunken by disease, withered: John 5:3; of the hand, Matthew 12:10 Mark 3:3, Luke 6:6; Luke 6:8; of the dry land, ἡ ξηρά (sc. γῆ , cf. Genesis 1:9-10; Genesis 1:19, al.): Matthew 23:15; γῆ , Hebrews 11:29.†
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
Grimm’s, statement that this adj. is ";not found";outside its NT occurrences (Matthew 18:6, Mark 9:42) requires correction in the light of the new evidence, e.g. BGU III. 912.24 (A.D. 33) τὰ ὀνικὰ κτήνη, P Gen I. 23.4 (A.D. 70) ἀπὸ τῶν ὑπαρχόντων ἡμῖν ὀνικῶν κτηνῶν ὄνον ε ̣̓́ν ̣α ̣, and OGIS 629.30 (A.D. 137) γόμου ὀνικ [οῦ, a load such as requires an ass to carry it. Cf. for similar formations, P Oxy III. 498.8 (ii/A.D.) τῶν οἰκοδομουμένων λίθων κύβων καμηλικῶν, ";squared building-stones transportable by camel (?),"; and BGU III. 814.6 (iii/A.D.) ἡμι ]ονικὸν ἅρμα, ";a chariot drawn by mules."; Deissmann (LAE, p. 77) notes that ὀνικός ";survives in the Middle Greek τὸ (ὀ)νικόν, which is still in dialectal use, for instance in the island of Carpathus.";
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
