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Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #2893 - κουφίζω
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- to be light
- to lighten
- a ship by throwing the cargo overboard
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κουφ-ίζω,
Att. fut. - ῐῶ S. Aj. 1287: pf. κεκούφικα OGI 90.12 (Rosetta, ii B. C.):
to be light, κουφίζουσαν ἄρουραν Hes. Op. 463, cf. E. Hel. 1555; of a sufferer, to be relieved, κουφίζειν δοκῶ S. Ph. 735, cf. Hp. Aph. 2.27. II trans., lighten, make light, τὸ κενὸν ἐμπεριλαμβανόμενον κ. τὰ σώματα Arist. Cael. 309a6: — Pass., Id. PA 663b13: hence,
1. lift up, raise, S. Ant. 43, Tr. 1025 (lyr.); αἴρων κουφιῶ σ' ἐγώ Ar. Av. 1762 (lyr.); ἀσπίδ' ἀμφὶ βραχίονι κουφίζων E. Ph. 121 (lyr.); ἅλμα κουφιεῖν make a light leap, S. Aj. l.c.; κ. πήδημα E. El. 861 (lyr.); δύστηνον αἰώρημα κουφίζω, = δύστηνος αἰωροῦμαι, Id. Supp. 1047: — Pass., to be lifted up, soar, [ τῷ πτερῷ] ᾧ ψυχὴ κουφίζεται Pl. Phdr. 248c, cf. 249a; σώματα -όμενα ὑπὸ τοῦ κύματος Jul. Or. 1.27c.
2. lighten of a load, ὄχλου πλήθους τε κ. χθόνα lighten earth of a multitude, E. Hel. 40; κουφισθεὶς τοῦ βάρους Thphr. HP 4.16.2: abs., lighten ships of their cargo, τῷ ταχυναυτοῦντι κουφίσαντες προσβάλλειν Th. 6.34; κουφισθεισῶν τῶν νεῶν Plb. 20.5.11, cf. 1.60.8. of persons, relieve from burdens, X. Mem. 2.7.1, Cyr. 6.3.24; τὸν δῆμον τῶν εἰσφορῶν D.S. 13.64, cf. IG 12(7).506.16 (Amorgos, iii B. C.); τόκων τοὺς χρεωφειλέτας Plu. Caes. 37; relieve (contractors), Plb. 6.17.5; τῆς ὑπερηφανίας Phld. Vit. p.16 J.; κ. τοὺς νοσοῦντας Plu. 2.1106c: — Pass., to be relieved, ὅταν σῶμα κουφισθῇ νόσου from.., E. Or. 43; τοῦ πάθους Arist. Pr. 873b22; λέξασα κουφισθήσομαι ψυχήν E. Med. 473: fut. Med. κουφιεῖσθαι in pass. sense, Aristid. 2.145 J.: metaph., τῇ τῶνδε εὐκλείᾳ κουφίζεσθε feel your burdens lightened by.., Th. 2.44; κουφίζονται οἱ λυπούμενοι Arist. EN 1171a29, cf. Pol. 1342a14; ἐλπίδι κ. ματαίᾳ Ael. NA 11.33.
3. c. acc. rei, lighten, assuage, ἀλγηδόνας E. Fr. 573; συμφορὰς λόγῳ κ. D. 60.35; κ. ἔρωτα Theoc. 23.9; τὸ πάθος Plu. Alex. 52; τὰ ὀφλήματα Id. 2.807d: abs., give or procure relief, κ. οὐδέν, ἀλλά.. Hp. Epid. 1.7, cf. Arist. GA 725b9: — Pass., νομίζοντες κεκουφίσθαι τὸν πόλεμον αὐτοῖς Plb. 1.17.2. cancel a debt, POxy. 126.8 (vi A. D.), etc.: — Med., PMasp. 95.10 (vi A. D.).
4. ἑαυτοὺς κ. cheapen themselves, dub. in Epicur. Nat. 112 G.
5. subtract, ἀπὸ τῶν μοιρῶν Heph.Astr. 2.1.
κουφίζω: imperfect 3 person plural ἐκούφιζον; (κοῦφος light);
1. intransitive, to be light (Hesiod, Euripides, Dio C.).
2. from Hippocrates down, generally translated, to lighten: a ship, by throwing the cargo overboard, Acts 27:38. (the Sept. Jonah 1:5, and often in Polybius)
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κουφίζω
(< κοῦφος , light),
[in LXX: Exodus 18:22, Jonah 1:5, al. (H7043 hi.), Ezra 5:1, al.;]
1. intrans., to be light (poetic chiefly).
2. to lighten, make light: c. acc, Acts 27:38.†
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
This verb, which in the NT is confined to Acts 27:38, is found in the general sense of ";lighten"; in P Giss I. 7.13 (time of Hadrian) ἐκούφισεν τῶν ἐνχωρίων τὰ βάρη καθολικῶς διὰ προγράμματος : cf. further with reference to taxation BGU II. 619.6 (A.D. 155) τὴν παραγ [ρ ]αφεῖσαν [πρ ]όσοδον ὀφείλειν κουφισθῆναι το (ῦ) συναγομ (ένου) ἄχρι ἂν ἐξετασθῇ, PSI I. 103.21 (end of ii/A.D.) τὸ ] συναγόμενον αὐτῶν ἐκού [φισαν ] ἐπὶ τῷ τοὺς ἐπ᾽ αὐτῶν ἀναγρ [αφομέ ]νους ἄνδρας, OGIS 90.12 (B.C. 196) ἀπὸ τῶν ὑπαρχουσῶν ἐν Αἰγύπτωι προσόδων καὶ φορολογιῶν τινὰς μὲν εἰς τέλος ἀφῆκεν, ἄλλας δὲ κεκούφικεν, and see P Petr II. 13(18b).9 (B.C. 258–253) where the words κουφίζων τὸν βασιλέα, ";lightening the king’s burden,"; are written over the line in connexion with a notice inviting tenders at a lower rate for some public work. For κουφίζω, ";levo,"; ";absolvo,"; see P Iand 62.11 note. In BGU I. 321.11 (A.D. 216) ἐφευρέθη τὰ σειτάρια κεκουφισμένα, the reference is to a robbery, and in PSI IV. 299.5 (iii/A.D.) ὡς δ᾽ ἐκουφίσθη μοι ἡ νόσος, to illness (cf. Hobart, p. 281). In the curious mantic P Ryl I. 28.133 (iv/A.D.) we have apparently an instance of the verb used intransitively—τὰ ἐν δουλίᾳ κουφίσιν (l. –ειν) ἐκ τῆς δουλίας, ";for a slave in servitude it means an alleviation of his servitude"; (Edd.—see their note). For a similar metaphorical use of the subst. see Kaibel 406.8 πένθους [κ ]ουφι [σ ]μὸς ἐγένετο, and for the adj. see P Oxy XIV. 1627.11 (A.D. 342) ἠξιώσαμεν δέ σαι εἰσαγγεῖλαι ἡμᾶς εἰς κουφοτάτην χρίαν, ";we requested you to assign to us a very light duty"; (Edd.). The wish is frequent on grave-stones—ἀλλὰ κόνιν σοὶ. . . καυφὴν καὶ δοίη ψυχρὸν Ὄσειρος ὕδωρ (see Schubart Einführung, p. 370). Κοῦφα is often used in the papyri substantivally, e.g. P Strass I. 1.10 (A.D. 510) σοῦ παρέχοντ ]ος τὰ κοῦφα : see further GH on P Oxy XIV. 1631.16 (A.D. 280).
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
