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Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #2537 - καινός
- Thayer
- Strong
- Mounce
- new
- as respects form
- recently made, fresh, recent, unused, unworn
- as respects substance
- of a new kind, unprecedented, novel, uncommon, unheard of
- as respects form
- Book
- Word
- Parsing
καινός, ή, όν,
I
1. new, fresh, ἔργα οὔτ' ὦν κ. οὔτε παλαιά Hdt. 9.26; κ. ὁμιλία A. Eu. 406; κ. λόγους φέρειν to bring news, Id. Ch. 659; τίδ' ἐστὶ κ.; S. OC 722, cf. Ph. 52; τὰ κ. τοῖς πάλαι τεκμαίρεται Id. OT 916; θυτῆρα καινῷ καινὸν ἐν πεπλώματι Id. Tr. 613; ἢ βούλεσθε περι[]όντες πυνθάνεσθαι, λέγεταί τι κ.;"" D. 4.10; γένοιτ' ἄν τι -ότερον ἤ.. ibid.; ἐκ καινῆς (sc. ἀρχῆς) anew, afresh, Th. 3.92, Thphr. CP 5.1.11, Jahresh. 23 Beibl. 91 (Pamphyl., i A. D.), etc. (also ἐκ καινοῦ CPR 244.14 (iii A. D.)); esp. of new dramas, τραγῳδῶν γιγνομένων καινῶν Aeschin. 3.34; briefly τραγῳδοῖς κ. at the representation of the new tragedies, Docum. ap. D. 18.54; τραγῳδῶν τῇ κ. [ ἐπιδείξει ] ib.55; καινῇ κωμῳδῶν, τραγῳδῶν, CIG 2759iii (Aphrodisias); but κ. κωμῳδία, τραγῳδία, of a new style of drama, IG 7.1773 (Thebes, ii A.D.).
2. newly-made, κύλικες, τριήρης, ὀθόνια, οἶνος, SIG 1026.26 (Cos, iv/iii B. C.), IG 22.1623.289, PLond. 2.402v12 (ii B. C.), Ostr. 1142.4 (iii A. D.).
3. Adv. -νῶς newly, afresh, Alex. 240.4.
II newly-invented, novel, καινότεραι τέχναι Batr. 116; κ. προσφέρειν σοφά E. Med. 298; ἔνθα τι κ. ἐλέχθη Philox. 3.23; οὐκ ἀείδω τὰ παλαιά, καινὰ γὰρ ἀμὰ κρείσσω Tim. Fr. 21; κ. θεοί strange gods, Pl. Euthphr. 3b; κ. δαιμόνια Id. Ap. 24c; κ. τινες σοφισταί Id. Euthd. 271b; κ. καὶ ἄτοπα ὀνόματα Id. R. 405d; καινὰ ἐπιμηχανᾶσθαι innovations, X. Cyr. 8.8.16; οὐδὲν -ότερον εἰσέφερε τῶν ἄλλων he introduced as little of anything new as others, Id. Mem. 1.1.3, cf. Pl. Phd. 115b; πεπόνθαμεν -ότατον D. 35.26; τὸ κ. τοῦ πολέμου prob. f.l. for κενόν (v. κενός), Th. 3.30; οὐ καινόν nothing to be surprised at, Hp. Int. 17; τὸ -ότατον what is strangest, parenthetically, Luc. Nigr. 22, al.; εἰ Χρὴ -ότατα μᾶλλον ἢ κακουργότατα εἰπεῖν Antipho 2.4.2. Adv., μὴ σὺ -νῶς μοι λάλει in new, strange style, Alex. 144, cf. Pl. Phdr. 267b: Comp. -οτέρως, νοῆσαι περί τινος Arist. Cael. 308b31; without precedent, -νῶς κατακριθῆναι OGI 669.46,49 (Egypt, i A. D.).
III κ. ἄνθρωπος, = Lat. novus homo, Plu. Cat.Ma. 1; πράγματακ., = res novae, Id. Cic. 14, cf. 2.212c.
καινός, καινή, καινόν (from Aeschylus and Herodotus down); the Sept. for חָדָשׁ; new, i. e.
a. as respects form; recently made, fresh, recent, unused, unworn (opposed to παλαιός old, antiquated): as ἀσκός, Matthew 9:11; Mark 2:22 (T omits; Tr WH brackets the clause); Luke 5:38 ἱμάτιον, Luke 5:36; πλήρωμα, Mark 2:21; μνημεῖον, Matthew 27:60; with ἐν ᾧ οὐδέπω οὐδείς ἐτέθη added, John 19:41; καινά καί παλαιά, Matthew 13:52; new, which as recently made is superior to what it succeeds: διαθήκη, Matthew 26:28 (T WH omit καινά); Mark 14:24 R L; Luke 22:20 (WH reject the passage); 1 Corinthians 11:25; 2 Corinthians 3:6; Hebrews 8:8, 13; Hebrews 9:15 (Jeremiah 38:31
b. as respects substance; of a new kind; unprecedented, novel, uncommon, unheard of (ἑτέρα καί καινά δαιμόνια, Xenophon, mem. 1, 1, 1): διδαχή, Mark 1:27; Acts 17:19; ἐντολή, given now for the first time, John 13:34; 1 John 2:7; 2 John 1:5; ὄνομα, with the added explanation ὁ οὐδείς οἶδεν (ἔγνω Rec.), Revelation 2:17 (Isaiah 62:2; Isaiah 65:15); ᾠδή, Revelation 5:9; Revelation 14:3 (Psalm 143:9
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καινός , -ή , -όν ,
[in LXX (Ezekiel 11:19, al.) for H2319, exc. Isaiah 65:15 (H312);]
of that which is unused or unaccustomed, new in respect to form or quality, fresh, unused, novel: opp. to παλαιός , ἀρχαῖος , Matthew 9:17; Matthew 13:52, Mark 2:21-22 Luke 5:36; Luke 5:38, 2 Corinthians 5:17, Ephesians 4:24; πλήρωμα , Mark 2:21; μνημεῖον , Matthew 27:60, John 19:41; διαθήκη (T, WH, R, txt., omit), Luke 22:20, 1 Corinthians 11:25, 2 Corinthians 3:6, Hebrews 8:8 (LXX), Hebrews 8:13; Hebrews 9:15; οὐρανοί , γῆ , 2 Peter 3:13, Revelation 21:1 (LXX) Ἰερουσαλήμ , Revelation 3:12; Revelation 21:2; ἄνθρωπος , Ephesians 2:15 (cf. Ezekiel 18:31); πάντα , Revelation 21:5; γέννημα τ . ἀμπέλου , Matthew 26:29, Mark 14:25; διδαχή , Mark 1:27, Acts 17:19; ἐντολή , John 13:34, 1 John 2:7-8, 2 John 1:5; ὄνομα , Revelation 2:17 (LXX); ᾠδή , Revelation 5:9; Revelation 14:3 (of. Psalms 144:9); κτίσις , 2 Corinthians 5:17, Galatians 6:15; γλῶσσαι , Mark 16:17; compar., Acts 17:21.†
SYN.: νέος G3501, "the new primarily in reference to time, the young, recent; κ . . the new primarily in reference to quality, the fresh, unworn". Cf. Tr., Syn., § lx (the distinction, however, is less marked in late Gk.; cf. Hebrews 12:24 with He, ll. c. supr., and v. MM, Exp., xv).
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
Papyrus usage hardly tends to sharpen the distinction between καινός and νέος. In P Petr III. 80i. 5 (Ptol.) a town named Ptolemais is Πτ. ἡ καινή, while in ib. 72(b).16 it is Πτ. ἡ νέα. P Petr III. 37(a)i. 18 (Ptol.) has χῶμα καινόν contrasted with .21 χῶμα παλαιόν : ib. 46(1).17 has π ̣ρ ̣ο ̣ς ̣, τ ̣α ̣, θ ̣εμέλια τῆς καινῆς καταλύσεως, ";new quarters."; Ostr 1142.4 (beginning iii/A.D.) gives us οἶνος καινός to contrast with οἶνος νέος in Mark 2:22. P Amh II. 64.2 (A.D. 107) περὶ δαπάνης εἰς τὸ ἐκ καινῆς κατασκευαζόμενον βαλανεῖον, ";concerning expenditure on the baths which were being refitted"; (Edd.) : so P Oxy IV. 707i. 7 (c. A.D. 136) οἰκοδομή ]σω τροχὸν ἐκ καινῆς, ";a new wheel,"; PTebt II. 342.16 (late ii/A.D.) τὸ κατασκευασθ (ὲν) ἐκ καινῆς ἐν Σομολ (ῶ) κεραμεῖον. Two inventories P Tebt II. 405.8 (iii/A.D.), 406.17 (c. A.D. 266) have κόβ (= φ)ινος καινός, ";a new basket,"; and κολόβιον λινοῦν δ [ί ]σημον καινόν, ";a new linen shirt with two stripes"; : it may be doubted whether stress is to be laid on their being hitherto unused, though perhaps they were of ancient manufacture. See also P Hib I. 54.26 (c. B.C. 245) κέραμον κα ̣[ι ]νόν, P Lond 402 verso.12 (B.C. 152 or 141) (= II. p. 11) ὀθόνια καινά, P Fay 121.5 (c. A.D. 100) ζυγόδεσμον καινόν, and CP Herm I. 86.10 καινοῦ νομίσματο [ς : cf..18. In P Heid 6.10 (iv/A.D.) (= Selections, p. 126) the writer addresses a Christian ";brother"; as δεσπότην καὶ κενὸν (l. καινὸν) (π)ά [τ ]ρω [να. Τὰ καινότερον (like τὰ πάλαι, etc.), unless it is a mere mistake for τι, is the phrase for ";news"; in BGU III. 821.4 (ii/A.D.) ἀνέβ ̣η εἰ [ς τ ]ὴν πόλιν, ἵνα εἰδ [ῶ ] τὰ καινότερον, followed by .6 ὅταν ἦν (= ᾖ, as often) τι καιτότερον, εὐθέως σοι δηλ [ώ ]σω : cf. Acts 17:21. For the subst. καινισμός see P Lond 354.16 (c. B.C. 10) (= II. p. 165) ἀποστάσεως καινισμὸν παραλογιεῖσθαι, and for the verb καινίζω see P Tor II. 7.18 μὴ προσέχειν τοῖς ἐπὶ χρειῶν τεταγμένοις και (νί)ζειν τι, and Wünsch AF 5.27 (iii/A.D.) ὁρκίζω σε. . τὸν ποιοῦντα ἔκτρομον τὴν [γ ]ῆν ἅπασ (αν καὶ) καινίζοντα πάντας τοὺς κατοικοῦντας (cf. Wisdom of Solomon 7:27).
In MGr καινός is ";literary"; : the New Testament in Pallis’ edition is ἡ νέα διαθήκη, which shows how νέος has gained ground at the expense of its rival.
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