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Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #2411 - ἱερόν
- Thayer
- Strong
- Mounce
- a sacred place, temple
- used of the temple of Artemis at Ephesus
- used of the temple at Jerusalem
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- Parsing
ἱερόν, τό, v. cross ἱερός 111.2.
ἱερός
(v. sub fin.), ά, όν, also ός, όν in the phrase ἱερὸς ἀκτή Hes. Op. 597, 805, Orac. ap. Hdt. 8.77: Ion. and poet. ἱρός, ή, όν (v. sub fin.): Dor. and N. Greek ἱᾰρός IG 22.1126.20, etc.: Aeol. ἶρος Sapph. Supp. 23.25, Alc. Supp. 8.4, but ἴαρος (corr. from ἴερ-) Sapph. Supp. 20a. 6: Sup. ἱερώτατος Ar. Eq. 582 (lyr.), Pl. Lg. 755e.
I
1. filled with or manifesting divine power, supernatural, ἱ. ἲς Τηλεμάχοιο Od. 2.409, al.; ἱ. μένος Ἀλκινόοιο 8.421, etc.; ἄλφιτον, ἀλωαί, Il. 11.631, 5.499; Δημήτερος ἱερὸς ἀκτή Hes. Op. Il.c.; of natural objects or phenomena, rivers, Od. 10.351, Il. 11.726, E. Med. 410 (lyr.); λιβάς, of the Spercheus, S. Ph. 1215 (lyr.); ἱεραὶ βῆσσαι Κίρκης 'faery', Od. 10.275; ἱ. ἦμαρ, κνέφας, Il. 8.66, 11.194; φάος Hes. Op. 339; ἱερὸς δίφρος (where δ. perh.= ἵπποι) Il. 17.464; after Hom., ἱ. χεῦμα θαλάσσης A. Fr. 192 (anap.); ἱ. κῦμα E. Hipp. 1206, cf. Cyc. 265; ὄμβρος S. OT 1428; δρόσοι E. Ion 117 (lyr.); ὕπνος, of death, Call. Epigr. 11; ἔστι μὲν οὐδὲν ἱ. no great matter, Theoc. 5.22. II of divine things, holy, ἱεροῖς ἐν δώμασι Κίρκης Od. 10.426; ἱ. γένος ἀθανάτων Hes. Th. 21; λέχος, of Zeus, ib. 57; δόσις the gift of God, ib. 93; πόλεμος holy war, ' crusade ', Ar. Av. 556, etc.
2. of earthly things, hallowed, consecrated, βωμοί Il. 2.305; ἱ. δόμος, of the temple of Athena, 6.89; ἱ. ἑκατόμβη 1.99, 431, etc.; ἐλαίη Od. 13.372; χοαί S. OC 469, etc.; ἱρὰ γράμματα hieroglyphics, Hdt. 2.36; but ἱ. γράμματα of the Holy Scriptures, 2 Timothy 3:15; ἱ. βύβλοι OGI 56.70 (Canopus, iii B.C.); ἱ. ἄγαλμα, τρίπους, S. OT 1379, E. Ion 512, etc.; χρήματα Pl. R. 568d, etc.; ἱ. τὸ σῶμα τῷ θεῷ δίδωμ' ἔχειν E. Ion 1285; ἱ. σώματα, of ἱερόδουλοι, Str. 6.2.6; χῆνες Plu. 2.325c; of animals regarded as 'taboo', [ κριοί] εἰσί σφι ἱ. διὰ τοῦτο Hdt. 2.42; so perh. ἱ. ἰχθύς Il. 16.407; of the Roman Tribunes,= Lat. sacrosanctus, ἱ. καὶ ἄσυλος Plu. TG 15, etc.; of Augustus, Mon.Anc.Gr. 5.17; ἱ. νόμος law of sacrifice, D. 21.35, cf. SIG 685.81 (ii B.C.); ἱ. λόγος legend, Hdt. 2.81, etc.; οἱ παλαιοὶ καὶ ἱ. λόγοι Pl. 335a; ἱ. γάμος mystical marriage, a religious ceremony, Men. 320, Phot. s.v.; opp. βέβηλος, as sacred to profane, D.H. 7.8, AB 223; but more freq. ἱ. καὶ ὅσιος Th. 2.52, X. Vect. 5.4, etc.; cf. ὅσιος.
3. under divine protection, freq. of places, Ἴλιος Il. 5.648, Alc. Supp. 8.4; Πύλος Od. 21.108; Θήβη Sapph. Supp. 20a. 6; Τροίης ἱερὸν πτολίεθρον, Τροίης ἱερὰ κρήδεμνα, Od. 1.2, Il. 16.100; Ἀθῆναι Od. 11.323, cf. Pi. Fr. 75, S. Aj. 1221 (lyr.), Ps.-Orac. ap. Ar. Eq. 1037; Σούνιον ἱρόν Od. 3.278; ἱ. κύκλος the judge's seat under the protection of Zeus, Il. 18.504: with gen. of the divinity, ἄλσος ἱρὸν Ἀθηναίης, ἄντρον ἱρὸν νυμφάων, Od. 6.322, 13.104, cf. Hdt. 1.80, 2.41, Ar. Pl. 937, X. An. 5.3.13, etc.; γῆ καὶ ἑστία ἱερὰ πᾶσι πάντων θεῶν Pl. Lg. 955e; χωρίον ὡς -ώτατον ib. 755e, cf. Ti. 45a; with gen. of a human being, Γναθίου.. ἱ. εἰμι IG 12.920. of persons, φυλάκων ἱ. τέλος Il. 10.56; ἱ. πυλαωροί 24.681; στρατός Od. 24.81; βασιλέες Pi. P. 5.97; ἱ. εὐσεβής τε, of Oedipus, S. OC 287; ἅνθρωπος ἱ. initiated, Ar. Ra. 652; c. gen. of a divinity, deuoted, dedicated, E. Alc. 75, Pl. Phd. 85b. under the Roman Empire,= sacer, imperial, ἐκ τῶν ἱερῶν τοῦ Καίσαρος γραμμάτων IGRom. 4.571 (Aezani, ii A.D.); ὁ -ώτατος φίσκος, τὸ -ώτατον ταμιεῖον, ib.3.727 (Lycia), SIG 888.10 (Scaptopara, iii A.D.), etc.; τὸ -ώτατον βῆμα (of the praefectus Aegypti), PHamb. 4.8 (i A.D.): generally, worshipful, ἱ. σύνοδος OGI 713.9 (Egypt, iii A.D.), etc.
III as Subst.,
1 ἱερά, Ion. ἱρά, τά, offerings, victims, ἱερὰ ῥέξας Il. 1.147, etc.; ἔρδειν Hes. Op. 336; διδόναι Od. 16.184; ἀλλ' ὅ γε δέκτο μὲν ἱρά Il. 2.420, cf. 23.207: less freq. in sg., ὄφρ' ἱρὸν ἑτοιμασσαίατ' Ἀθήνῃ 10.571; θῦσαι ἱρά Hdt. 1.59, 8.54, etc.; θυσίας καὶ ἱρὰ ποιέειν Id. 2.63; αἴθειν S. Ph. 1033; ἱ. πατρῷα A. Th. 1015; ἱ. ἐπιχώρια Democr. 259. after Hom., omens afforded by sacrifice, τὰ ἱρὰ οὐ προεχώρεε χρηστά Hdt. 5.44; τὰ ἱερὰ καλὰ [ἦν ] X. An. 1.8.15; simply οὐκ ἐγίγνετο τὰ ἱ. ib. 2.2.3. generally, sacred objects or rites, Hdt. 1.172, 4.33; τῶν ὑμετέρων ἱ. καὶ κοινῶν μετεῖχον D. 57.3; of cult-images, IG Rom. 3.800 (syllium).
2. after Hom., ἱερόν, Ion. ἱρόν, τό, holy place, Hdt. 5.119,al.; opp. νηός, Id. 2.170, cf. Th. 4.90, 5.18; freq. of a temple, ἔστι δὲ ἐν τῷ τεμένεϊ.. ἱρόν κτλ. Hdt. 2.112; of the Jewish temple, LXX 1 Chronicles 29:4, Plb. 16.39.4, Str. 16.2.34, Matthew 24:1.
3. ἱερὸν τῆς δίκης a sacred principle of right, E. Hel. 1002.
4. ἱερός, ὁ (sc. μήν), name of month at Delos, IG 12.377.22, 11(2).203 A 31 (iii B.C.).
5. ἱεροί, οἱ, members of a religious college or guild, ib.5(1).1390.1, al. (Andania, i B.C.), prob. in SIG 1010.7 (Chalcedon), etc.; also of women, ἱεραί, αἱ, IG 5(1). l.c., cf. 1511 (Sparta). = cross ἱερόδουλος, ib. 1356 (Messenia, V B.C.), Inscr.Perg. 572, GDI 5702.39 (Samos).
special phrases, post- Hom.,
1 prov., ἱ. ἄγκυρα one's last hope, Plu. 2.815d, Luc. JTr. 51, Fug. 13, Poll. 1.93, Gal. 11.182.
2. ἱ. βόλος, name of a throw at dice, Eub. 57.1.
3. ἱ. βοτάνη, v. cross βοτάνη.
4. ἱ. (sc. γραμμή) (cf. γραμμή 111.1), last line of draught-board, κινήσαις τὸν ἀπ' ἴρας.. λίθον Alc. 82, cf. Epich. 225, Sophr. 127; τὴν ἀφ' ἱερᾶς (v.l. cross τὴν ἱεράν) Plu. Cor. 32.
5. ἱ. ἰχθύς,= ἀνθίας, Arist. HA 620b35, cf. Ath. 7.282e, Plu. 2.981d.
6. ἱ. λόχος, v. cross λόχος.
7. ἱερά (sc. νίκη), ἡ, drawn contest, dead heat (because the prize was assigned to the god), SIG 1073.48 (Olymp.); ποιῆσαι ἱεράν, of the competitor, Wood Ephesus, App. vi p.70; so ἱ. ἀθλήματα Inscr.Olymp. 56; ἱερὸς ὁ στέφανος ἐκρίθη IG 9(2).525 (Larissa); τὸ παγκράτιον ἱ. ἐγένετο ib.527 (ibid.); ἱερός (sc. ἀγών) ib.7.2727.19, 24 (Acraeph.): metaph., ἱερὸν ποιῆσαι τὸν στέφανον 'divide the honours', Plb. 1.58.5, 29.8.9.
8. ἱ. νόσος epilepsy, Hdt. 3.33, Hp. Morb. Sacr. tit., Thphr. HP 9.11.3, etc., cf. Call. Aet. 3.1.14: metaph., τὴν οἴησιν ἱ. νόσον ἔλεγε Heraclit. 46 (= Epicur. Fr. 224).
9. ἡ ἱ. ὁδός the sacred road to Delphi, Hdt. 6.34; also, from Athens to Eleusis, Cratin. 61, Paus. 1.36.3, Harp. s.v.; and that from Elis to Olympia, Paus. 5.25.7.
10. ἱ. ὀστέον, os sacrum, the last bone of the spine, Hp. Art. 45, Plu. 2.981d, Gal. UP 5.8, etc.
11. ἱ. συμβουλή sacred duty of an adviser, Pl. 321c, X. An. 5.6.4, cf. Pl. Thg. 122b, Luc. Rh. Proverbs 1:1-33.
12. ἱ. σῦριγξ spinal canal, Poll. 2.180.
13. ἱερὰ τριήρης, of the Delian ship, or one of the state-ships (Salaminia or Paralos), D. 4.34.
14. freq. in geographical names, e.g. ἱ ἄκρα, in Lycia, Str. 14.3.8; ἱ. ἀκρωτήριον, in Spain, Cape St. Vincent, Id. 2.4.3; ἱ. κώμη, in Lydia, Plb. 16.1.8; ἱ. νῆσος, one of the Liparean group, Th. 3.88; one of the insulae Aegates, Plb. 1.60.3. Adv. -ρῶς holily, ἀποθανεῖν v.l. in Plu. Lyc. 27. [ ῐ by nature, but sts. ῑ in , esp. in endings of hexameters, ἱ. ἰχθύς, ἱ. ἦμαρ, ἱερὰ ῥέξας, ἀλφίτου ἱεροῦ ἀκτή, Il. 16.407, 8.66, 1.147, 11.631; ῑερόν in the first foot of a hex., Theoc. 5.22; also in compds. ἱεραγωγός, ἱεροθαλλής, ἱερόφωνος: ῑ always in contr. form ἱρός wh. is used in , Hdt., and some Ion. inscrr., as IG 12(8).265.9 (Thasos), cf. Semon. 7.56, Herod. 4.79, al., but is rarely found in codd. of Hp. (never in Heraclit. or Democr.); also in Trag., A. Th. 268, etc., but never required by metre in lyr. of Com.]
ἱερόν, ἱεροῦ, τό (neuter of the adjective ἱερός, ἱερά, ἱερόν; cf. τό ἅγιον) (from Herodotus on), a sacred place, temple: of the temple of Artemis at Ephesus, Acts 19:27; of the temple at Jerusalem twice in the Sept., Ezekiel 45:19; 1 Chronicles 29:4; more frequent in the O. T. Apocrypha; in the N. T. often in the Gospels and Acts; once elsewhere, viz. 1 Corinthians 9:13. τό ἱερόν and ὁ ναός differ, in that the former designates the whole compass of the sacred enclosure, embracing the entire aggregate of buildings, balconies, porticos, courts (viz., that of the men or Israelites, that of the women, that of the priests), belonging to the temple; the latter designates the sacred edifice properly so called, consisting of two parts, the 'sanctuary' or 'Holy place' (which no one except the priests was allowed to enter), and the 'Holy of holies' or 'most holy place' (see ἅγιος, 1 a.) (which was entered only on the great day of atonement by the high priest alone); (cf. Trench, Synonyms, § iii.). ἱερόν is employed in the N. T. either explicitly of the whole temple, Matthew 12:6; Matthew 24:1; Mark 13:3; Luke 21:5; Luke 22:52; Acts 4:1; Acts 24:6; Acts 25:8; 1 Corinthians 9:13, etc.; or so that certain definite parts of it must be thought of, as the courts, especially where Jesus or the apostles are said to have gone up, or entered, 'into the temple,' to have taught or encountered adversaries, and the like, 'in the temple,' Matthew 21:12, 14; Matthew 26:55; Mark 14:49; Luke 19:47; Luke 21:37; Luke 22:53; Luke 24:53; John 5:14; John 7:14, 28; John 8:20; John 18:20; Acts 3:2; Acts 5:20; Acts 21:26, etc.; of the courts and sanctuary, Matthew 12:5; of the court of the Gentiles, out of which Jesus drove the buyers and sellers and money-changers, Matthew 21:12; Mark 11:15; Luke 19:45; John 2:14ff; of the court of the women, Luke 2:37; of any portico or apartment, Luke 2:46, cf. John 10:23. On the phrase τό πτερύγιον τοῦ ἱεροῦ see πτερύγιον, 2.
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ἱερόν , -οῦ τό , see ἱερός H2413.
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
In P Tebt I. 59.11 (B.C. 99) a certain Posidonius writes to the priests at Tebtunis assuring them of his good will—διὰ τὸ ἄνωθεν φοβεῖσθαι καὶ σέβεσθαι τὸ ἱερόν, ";because of old I have revered and worshipped the temple."; The reference, as the editors point out, is to the temple of Soknebtunis, the principal temple at Tebtunis; on other ἐλάσσονα or δεύτερα ἱερά, see their introduction to ib. 88 (B.C. 115—4) (= Chrest. I. 67), a list of no fewer than thirteen shrines belonging to the village of Kerkeosiris. Many shrines in Egypt were privately owned, cf. ib. 14.18 note. For a convenient list of epithets applied to ἱερά, see Otto Priester ii. p. 373, and for a ἱερὸς οἶκος at Priene, used for mystic rites, see Rouffiac Recherches, p. 62 : at the entrance was the inscr.—
Εἰσίναι εἰς [τὸ ]
ἱερὸν ἁγνὸν ἐ [ν ]
ἐσθῆτι λευκ [ῆι ].
It may be convenient to reproduce here in full the famous inscr., discovered in 1871, warning Gentiles against penetrating into the inner courts of the Temple at Jerusalem : —OGIS 598 (i/A.D.) μηθένα ἀλλογενῆ εἰσπορεύεσθαι ἐντὸς τοῦ περὶ τὸ ἱερὸν τρυφάκτου καὶ περιβόλου (";within the screen and enclosure surrounding the sanctuary"; ). ὃς δ᾽ ἂν ληφθῇ, ἑαυτῶι αἴτιος ἔσται διὰ τὸ ἐξακολουθεῖν θάνατον : see also s.v. ἀλλογενής and Deissrnann LAE p. 74 ff.
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
