Bible Lexicons

This common noun is found in the curious alphabet acrostic P Tebt II. 278.9 (early i/A.D.), where ἰατρός is inserted between θωρωκοποίς (";breast-plate maker";) and κλειτοποίς (";locksmith.";). The existence of public physicians in Egypt is well illustrated by P Oxy I. 51.4 (A.D. 173), the report δημοσίου ἰατροῦ, who had been instructed by the straiegus ἐφιδεῖν σῶμα νεκρὸν ἀπηρτημένον, ";to inspect the body of a man who had been found hanged"; : cf. ib. 52.7 (A.D. 325), ib . III. 475.5 (A.D. 182), and BGU II. 647.3 (A.D. 130) where C. Minucius Valerianus ἔχων ἰατρεῖον ἐπὶ κωμὴν Καράνιδι is charged (παρηνγέλη) by the strategus to inspect the wound of a certain Mystharion. In P Oxy I. 40.9 (ii/iii A.D.) we find a man, in view of the fact that he is ἰατρὸς. . δημοσ ̣[ιεύ ]ων ἐπὶ ταρι [χείᾳ, ";a doctor officially practising mummification"; (Edd.), getting exemption from some form of public service, and similarly P Fay 106 (c. A.D. 140) is a petition addressed to the prefect by a physician ὅπως ] τέλεον ̣ ἀπολύονται τῶν [λειτουρ ]γιῶν οἱ τὴν ἰατρικὴν ἐπιστή [μην ] μεταχειριζόμενοι, ";that those practising the profession of physician be completely exempted from public services."; Physicians were thus apparently State officials (cf. OGIS 104 n..5) and consequently a tax was levied for their maintenance : cf. P Hib I. 102 (B.C. 248), an undertaking to a physician by a military settler to pay by way of ἰατρικόν, ὀλυρ (ῶν) (ἀρτάβας) ι ̄ ἢ δραχμὰς τέσσαρας, ";10 artabae of wheat or 4 drachmae";; see further Wilcken Ostr. i. p. 375 ff. One of the wall-scratchings at Thebes, Preisigke 1852, commemorates a certain Ἱπποκράτης ἰατρός, and a dialect inscr. from Delphi, of the middle of ii/B.C., Syll 857.12, is a deed of sale to Apollo Pythius, by which Dionysius manumits Damon, a slave physician, who has apparently been practising in partnership with his master, to judge from the concluding provision– εἰ δὲ χρείαν ἔχοι Διονύσιος, συνιατρευέτω Δάμων μετ᾽ αὐτοῦ ἔτη πέντε, receiving board and lodging and clothes.

As illustrating Mark 5:26 we may cite Preisigke 1934, an inscr. in the Serapeum at Memphis, recording that Aristullus has set up a votive-offering fearing that the god is not welldisposed towards him—ἐπεὶ καὶ ἰατ ]ρείαις χρώμενος τοῖς πε [ρὶ ναὸν ὀνείροις ο ]ὐκ ἠδυνάμην ὑγιείας [τυχεῖν παρ᾽ αὐτο ]ῦ. For Matthew 9:12 Wendland (HZNT I . ii p. 44) recalls Diogenes in Stobaeus Florileg, III. p. 462.14, ed. Hense : οὐδὲ γὰρ ἰατρὸς ὑγιείας ὢν ποιητικὸς ἐν τοῖς ὑγιαίνουσι τὴν διατριβὴν ποιεῖται. P Oxy I. 1 recto .12 contains a new Logion ascribed to Jesus—οὐκ ἔστιν δεκτὸς προφήτης ἐν τῇ πατρίδι αὐτ [ο ]ῦ, οὐδὲ ἰατρὸς ποιεῖ θεραπείας εἰς τοὺς γινώσκοντας αὐτόν. For Θεόφιλος ἰατρός see Preisigke 3780. In CR xxxii. p. 2 Sir W. M. Ramsay publishes an interesting Christian inscr. of c. A.D. 350 regarding a certain ἀρχιατρός, who in words and deeds acted according to the precepts of Hippocrates. In another inscr. from the same district and period (p. 5) a mother commemorates her son as τ ]ὸν σοφὸν ἰητρὸν εἰκοστ ̣ὸν ἄγοντα ἔτος, ";the skilful physician who was in his twentieth year."; The art. contains some interesting reff. to the honour in which the profession of medicine was held by Christians of the third and fourth centuries. The verb ἰατρεύω occurs in Michel 1250 (ii/B.C.) Μελά [ν ]θιος Ἐπιτέλευ ἰατρευθεὶς Ἀσκληπιῶι χαριστήρια. For ἰατρίνη, ";midwife,"; see P Oxy XII. 1586.12 (early iii/A.D.). MGr γιατρός, ";physician,"; γιατρικό [ν ], ";medicine,"; γιατρεύω, ";I heal.";

 

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