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Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #1090 - γεωργέω
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- to practise agriculture, to till the ground
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γεωργ-έω,
I to be a husbandman, farmer, Pl. Lg. 805e, X. Oec. 14.2, etc.; γ. ἐν τῇ γῇ And. 1.92; ἐν τῇ Νάξῳ Pl. Euthphr. 4c, etc.; γεωργεῖς ἐκ τούτων you have become a landed proprietor by these means (i. e. the fruits of treason), D. 19.314: c. acc. cogn., γεωργίαν ζῶσαν γ. of pastoral nomads, Arist. Pol. 1256a35: — Med., οἱ γεωργούμενοι Aristeas 112.
II c. acc.,
1. till, plough, cultivate, πολλήν (sc. γῆν) Ar. Ec. 592; τὰς ἄλλας [νήσους ] Th. 3.88; γεωργῶν τὰ ἐκείνων D. 18.41: — Pass., of land, IG 9(1).61 (Daulis); χώρας γεγεωργημένης καὶ γεωργηθησομένης SIG 685.80 (Crete); τὰ γεωργούμενα φυτά Arist. Pr. 896a10.
2. generally, cultivate, ἐλαίαν Gp. 9.2.6: hence, γ. ἔλαιον, οἶνον, produce it, D.C. 49.36, cf. IG 22.1100; τοῦ γεωργουμένου οἴνου Gp. 6.7.2.
3. metaph., work at a thing, practise or exploit it, D. 25.82; φιλίαν Plu. 2.776b; τέχνην Hld. 6.6; τὸν ἱππόδρομον Lib. Or. 35.13; cultivate, ψυχὰς δόγμασι Ph. 2.348.
4. of a river, fertilize, Philostr. Im. 1.11, 59, Hld. 2.28.
γεωργέω, γεωργῷ: (present passive γεωργοῦμαι); (γεωργός, which see); to practise agriculture, to till the ground: τήν γῆν (Plato, Theag., p. 121 b.; Eryx., p. 392 d.; (others); 1 Esdr. 4:6; 1 Macc. 14:8); passive: Hebrews 6:7.
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Agriculture being the principal industry in Egypt, this word and its cognates are very common in the papyri with reference to the cultivation both of private allotments and of the crown lands, for which rent was paid in kind. A good example of the former class is afforded by the letter in which a father remonstrates with a dilatory son for his neglect of their lot of land—τὸ κτῆμα ἀγεώργητόν ἐστιν · οὐδεὶς τῶν γεωργῶν ἠθέλησεν γεωργεῖν αὐτό , ";the whole land is unfilled : no tenant was willing to work it"; (BGU II. 530.20 ff. (i/A.D.) (= Selections, p. 61). For the latter we may cite P Lond 256 recto.2 f. (A.D. 11–5) (= II. p. 96), an order to deliver seed-corn δημοσίοις γεωργοῖς εἰς ἣν γεωργοῦσι βασιλικὴ [ν ] καὶ ἱερὰν καὶ ἑτε ̣[ρ ]αν γῆν , and the interesting P Oxy VI. 899.8 (A.D. 200) in which a woman claims on the ground of her sex to be released from the cultivation of various plots of Crown land, which, she states, as long as she had power she cultivated—ἐς ὅσον μὲν οὖν δύναμίς μοι ὑπῆρχεν ταύτας ἐγεώργουν . If an instance of the passive is wanted (for Hebrews 6:7), we may cite P Giss I. 4.10 (A.D. 118)—Hadrian has appointed (στήσαντος ) τὴ [ν ] βασιλ (ικὴν ) γῆν καὶ δημοσίαν καὶ οὐσιακὴν γῆν κα [τ ]᾽ ἀξίαν ἑκάστης καὶ οὐκ ἐκ τοῦ παλαιοῦ π [ρο ]στάγματος γεωργεῖσθαι , Syll 929.80 (B.C. 139 ?) κατὰ χώρας γεγεωργημένης τε καὶ γεωργηθησομένης , etc.
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