Bible Lexicons

The most effective point which Harnack (Luke the Physician, p. 15 f.) has gleaned after Hobart is his proof that Luke practised in Melita (Acts 28:10 ";honoured us with many honours";). To this Ramsay (Luke, p. 16 f.) has added the note that θεραπεύω, used as a medical term, means strictly ";treat medically"; rather than ";heal"; (cf. what is said s.v. θεραπεία ad init.), and it may be well to illustrate this somewhat fully both from the papyri and the inscriptions. Thus in a medical receipt of early i/A.D. for sores in the nose, P Oxy VIII. 1088.80, it is enjoined—ἀρσενικὸν τρῖψον λῆον, ὕπτιον κατακλίνας τὸν ἄνθρωπον θεράπευε, ";rub yellow orpiment smooth, then lay the man on his back and treat him"; (Edd.). From a somewhat later date, ii/iii A.D., ib. I. 40, we have a petitioner asking immunity from some form of public service on the ground that he was a doctor—.5 ff. ἰατρὸς ὑπάρχων τὴ [ν τέ ]χνην τούτους αὐτοὺς οἵτινές με εἰς λειτο [υ ]ρ [γ ]ίαν δεδώκασι ἐθεράπευσα, ";I am a doctor by profession and I have treated these very persons who have assigned me a public burden"; : to which the prefect replies—.7 f. τάχα κακῶς αὐτοὺς ἐθεράπευσας, ";perhaps your treatment was wrong ’ (Edd.). Similarly in P Flor 11. 222.14 (A.D. 256) a man writes asking that a certain medicine should be sent, ἵνα καὶ ὁ ταῦρος θεραπεύθη, ";in order that my bull may be treated,"; and in P Oxy IX. 1222.8 (iv/A.D.) a request is made that along with a colt various drugs may be forwarded, εἵνα θεραπεύσω αὐτὸν ὧδε ἔξω, ";that I may doctor him away here"; (Ed.). To these exx. we may add a heathen amulet of iii/A.D., where the meaning passes into actual healing, BGU III. 956 ἐξορκίζω ὑμᾶς κατὰ τοῦ ἁγίου ονόματος θεραπεῦσαι τὸν Διονύσιον. . . ἀπὸ πα [ν ]τὸς ῥίγου (l. ῥίγους) καὶ πυρετοῦ : with the constr. cf. Luke 5:15 al. Turning to the inscrr. a good example of the stricter meaning of the verb occurs at the end of the great inscr. from the Asclepieum at Epidaurus, Syll 802.126 (iii/B.C.) where of a παῖς ἀϊδής it is said οὗ [τος ] ὕπαρ ὑπὸ κυνὸς τῶν κατὰ τὸ ἱαρὸν θε [ραπ ]ευόμενος τοὺς ὀπ [τί ]λλους (Dor. for ὀφθαλμούς) ὑ [γιὴ ]ς ἀπῆλθε. Four or five centuries later a similar inscription from the same place, ib. 804.20, has τεθεράπευσαι, χρὴ δὲ ἀποδιδόναι τὰ ἴατρα, ";treatment has been prescribed for you, and you must pay the physician’s fee"; : the actual treatment is to follow. Cf. also OGIS 220.4 (iii/B.C.) ἐπειδὴ ὁ βασιλεὺς Ἀντίοχος ἐπέσταλκεν ὅτι τραυματίας γενόμενος ἐν τῆι μάχηι εἰς τὸν τράχηλον θεραπευθ [είη ] ὑπὸ Μητροδώρου τοῦ ἰατροῦ ἀκινδύν (ω)ς κτλ. For the verb used of religious service (as in Acts 17:25, and Isaiah 54:17 its only occurence in the LXX : see Thackeray Gr. i. p. 8) we may cite P Lond 22.5 (B.C. 164–3) (= I p. 7) ἡμῶν θεραπευουσῶν ὑπὲρ τοῦ βασίλεως —of the Twins in the Serapeum, and P Giss I. 20.20 (ii/ A.D.) (= Chrest I. p. 124 ) Where, with reference to a private shrine of the Dioscuri, the owner Apollonius is informed that a certain Areius, is ready to undertake the needful service—Ἄρειος ὁ κωλοπλάστης (";modeller";) θεραπεύει αὐτοὺς καὶ ἔλεγεν ὅτι ἐὰ [ν ] Ἀπολλώνιός μοι γράψῃ περὶ αὐτῶν, θεραπε [ύ ]σω προῖκα. So Michel 982.14 (B.C. 217–16) καλῶς καὶ εὐσεβῶς διετέλεσεν θεραπεύουσα τὰς θεάς, OGIS 90.40 (the Rosetta stone,B.C. 196) τοὺς ἱερεῖς θεραπεύειν τὰς εἰκόνας τρὶς τῆς ἡμέρας, Syll 583.80 (i/A.D.) τῶν ἱεροδούλων καὶ τὸν θεὸν θεραπευόντων, and ib. 633.11 (ii/A.D.) καὶ εὐείλατος γένοι (τ)ο ὁ θεὸς τοῖς θεραπεύουσιν ἁπλῇ τῇ ψυχῇ. In P Tor I. 1 ii. 22 (B.C. 117–6) the verb is used with reference to those who ";care for"; dead bodies—αἶς (sc .θεαῖς) ἀθέμιτά ἐστιν νεκρὰ σώματα, καὶ οἱ ταῦτα θεραπεύοντες, and in P Giss I. 79 iv. 3 (c. A.D. 117) of cloaks that had been repaired—τοὺς φα ̣ι ̣νο [ύ ]λας σου τεθεραπευομένους ἤνεγκεν ἀπ᾽ Ἀλεξανδρείας Ἀπολλώνιος ὁ ἀδελφός σου. See also the early P Magd 15.3 (B.C. 221) where a barber claims that he has served his patron in an irreproachable manner—τεθεραπευκὼς ἀνεγκλή [τως.

For the subst. θεραπευτής, see P Land 44.19 (B.C. 161) (= I. p. 34) ὑπὸ τοῦ Σαράπιος θεραπευτῶν, and OGIS 251.4 (B.C. 175–164), where the editor slates that the word connotes both ";deorum cultores"; and ";hominum ministri.";

 

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