a famous German Orientalist, numismatician, and historian, was born at Rostock, June 4, 1782, where he also pursued his Oriental studies. In 1807 he was appointed professor of Oriental languages at Kasan, and in 1815 chief librarian and director of the Asiatic Museum at St. Petersburg, where he died, August 16, 1851. He published, among other works, Recensio Numorum Muhamedanorum (St. Petersburg, 1826), to which must be added his Opuscula Posthuma (ed. by Dorn, ibid. 1855-77, 2 volumes): — Ibn Fosslans und anderer Araber Berichte uber die Russen alterer Zeit (ibid. 1823): — Topographische Uebersicht der Ausgrabungen von alten aracbischen Gelde in Russland (ibid. 1841): — Cunrarum Exeget. et Crit. in Nahumunt prophet. Specimen (Rostock, 1806): — De Chasaris (St. Petersbutrg, 1822). See Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s.v. (B.P.)